{"id":18676,"date":"2025-10-15T11:02:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T11:02:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=18676"},"modified":"2026-01-09T12:58:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T12:58:03","slug":"yemekte-sirkenin-yeri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/yemekte-sirkenin-yeri\/","title":{"rendered":"Yemekte sirkenin yeri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Resim 1. \u00dcz\u00fcm salk\u0131m\u0131, Kerkira, Temmuz 2021. Foto\u011fraf S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcz\u00fcm suyu \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u015farapla ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir ancak \u00fcz\u00fcm \u015f\u0131ra, pekmez ve sirke olarak t\u00fcketilebilen bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7ime sahiptir. \u00dcz\u00fcmden elde edilen s\u0131v\u0131 bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn depolanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilecek arkeolojik kaplarda, i\u00e7eri\u011fin \u015f\u0131ra m\u0131, \u015farap m\u0131 yoksa sirke mi oldu\u011funu \u00e7o\u011fu zaman s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc seramik kaplarda benzer bir kimyasal iz b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak antik metinler, arkeolojik verileri bu noktada belirleyici bir \u015fekilde tamamlamaktad\u0131r. \u201cOxos<\/em>\u201d (sirke) s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, M\u00d67. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u015fair ve yasa koyucu Solon\u2019un bir fragman\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar; burada sirke, silphium ile birlikte ve havan kullan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bile\u015fenlerinden biri olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sirke ile silphiumun (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u00fcr\u00fc bilinmeyen ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketim nedeniyle daha antik \u00e7a\u011fda yok olmu\u015f bir bitki) birlikte kullan\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fka metinlerde de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar: Aristophanes\u2019in Ku\u015flar<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde (M\u00d64.-5. y\u00fczy\u0131l)sirkenin ya\u011f, peynir ve silphium gibi di\u011fer malzemelerle birlikte, k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f ku\u015f etlerine e\u015flik eden bir t\u00fcr sos i\u00e7inde kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilir. Bu sosun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, tatl\u0131 ve yo\u011fun k\u0131vaml\u0131 ba\u015fka bir sosun da servis edildi\u011fi aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Komedi yazar\u0131 Alexis\u2019in (M\u00d6 4.y\u00fczy\u0131l) bir fragman\u0131nda ise \u015fu tarif verilir: Bir kaseye (lopas<\/em>) rendelenmi\u015f kekik konur, sirkeyle seyreltilir, pekmez (siraion<\/em>) ile renk verilir ve bol miktarda silphium ile havanda d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca Archestratos (M\u00d64. y\u00fczy\u0131l) kimyon, keskin aromal\u0131 sirke (oxos drimy<\/em>) ve silphium ile marine edilmi\u015f domuz karn\u0131 ve rahminden olu\u015fan lezzetli bir yemekten s\u00f6z eder. Son olarak sirke, t\u0131pk\u0131 tuz gibi, etin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bunu, Hippokrates\u2019in Peri Pathon<\/em> (Hastal\u0131klar \u00dczerine) adl\u0131 eserinden \u00f6\u011freniyoruz; burada, zaman i\u00e7inde muhafaza edilmi\u015f bu t\u00fcr etlerin taze etlere k\u0131yasla daha hafif oldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sirke, g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n ortak ve yayg\u0131n bir malzemesiydi. Bu nedenle, y\u00fcksek \u015fiirde de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Aiskhylos, Agamemnon adl\u0131 eserinde (M\u00d65. y\u00fczy\u0131l), canl\u0131 bir benzetmede sirkeyi kullan\u0131r: Klytaimnestra, ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f Truva\u2019da yenilenlerin ve galiplerin seslerinin birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7ine ya\u011f ve sirke birlikte konmu\u015f bir kaba benzetir.  Bir metafor ba\u011flam\u0131nda kelimeyi Aristophanes de kullan\u0131r. E\u015fekar\u0131lar\u0131 (Sph\u0113kes)<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde \u201csirke gibi bir dava\u201ddan s\u00f6z edilir; yani, muhatab\u0131na ac\u0131\/ek\u015fi gelecek, olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furacak bir dava anlam\u0131nda. Aristophanes\u2019te ayr\u0131ca, \u201csirkeli yemekler\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u1f40\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac<\/em> terimiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z; yine \u1f40\u03be\u03af\u03c2<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de sirkenin konuldu\u011fu \u00f6zel bir kap i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r (Ploutos<\/em>, Batrakhoi<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sirke, \u00fcz\u00fcm \u015farab\u0131ndan t\u00fcreyen bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc ve \u03bf\u1f36\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f40\u03be\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd<\/em>, yani ek\u015fimi\u015f \u015farap ifadesine s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlar\u0131z. Bu, \u015farab\u0131n sirkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin do\u011fal bir s\u00fcrecidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Theophrastos (M\u00d63.-4. y\u00fczy\u0131l),Peri phyton historias<\/em> (Bitkiler \u00dczerine \u0130nceleme) adl\u0131 eserinde buna de\u011finir. Daha sonraki bir metinde, Afrodisyasl\u0131 \u0130skender\u2019in eserinde de \u015faraptan elde edilen sirkeye at\u0131f yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u015earap sirkesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, antik metinlerde hurmadan yap\u0131lan sirkeye de rastlan\u0131r; bunun Asya\u2019da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ksenophon\u2019un Anabasis<\/em>\u2019inde (M\u00d65. y\u00fczy\u0131l) belirtilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de sirke, Kerkira\u2019n\u0131n sofrito yeme\u011fi ve stifado gibi tariflerde \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fen olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca zeytin, kapari, so\u011fanl\u0131 bitkiler (so\u011fan\/so\u011fan\u0131ms\u0131lar) ve kritamo (kaya koru\u011fu) gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin muhafazas\u0131nda vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Bal veya pekmez ile birlikte, aromatik otlarla harmanlanarak salatalarda kullan\u0131lan soslarda yer al\u0131r; di\u011fer malzemelere canl\u0131l\u0131k ve keskinlik kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Bu kullan\u0131m bi\u00e7imi, antik Yunanistan\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan uygulamalarla b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde benzerlik g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Resim 1. \u00dcz\u00fcm salk\u0131m\u0131, Kerkira, Temmuz 2021. Foto\u011fraf S.M. Valamoti Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15208,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5289,763],"tags":[5369,1739],"class_list":["post-18676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antik-tatlar","category-istoria-tr","tag-tarihsel-referanslar","tag-ellada-tr"],"yoast_head":"\nYemekte sirkenin yeri - Tersine Tar\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/yemekte-sirkenin-yeri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yemekte sirkenin yeri - Tersine Tar\u0131m\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Resim 1. \u00dcz\u00fcm salk\u0131m\u0131, Kerkira, Temmuz 2021. 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