{"id":18663,"date":"2025-10-15T11:00:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T11:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=18663"},"modified":"2026-01-09T12:42:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T12:42:26","slug":"antik-cagin-sarabi-koken-renkler-tatlar-ve-aromalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/antik-cagin-sarabi-koken-renkler-tatlar-ve-aromalar\/","title":{"rendered":"Antik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u015farab\u0131: k\u00f6ken, renkler, tatlar ve aromalar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Resim 1. \u00c7i\u011fnenmi\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcmlerden elde edilen \u015f\u0131ra posalar\u0131 (st\u00e9mpfyla), Dikili Ta\u015f (Kavala Filippoi), M\u00d6 4300. Resim: S.M. Valamoti, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farap \u00fcretimi, Yunanistan\u2019da binlerce y\u0131la uzanan bir gelene\u011fe sahiptir. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bilinen en eski \u015farab\u0131, arkeobotanik verilerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczere, M\u00d6 4300\u2019e ait Neolitik Dikili Ta\u015f yerle\u015fmesinden elde edilen bulgulara dayanarak, kuzey Yunanistan\u2019da, Drama Ovas\u0131\u2019nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015farab\u0131n, esriklik h\u00e2linin ve \u015f\u00f6lenin tanr\u0131s\u0131 olan Dionysos\u2019un ad\u0131n\u0131n Myken Yunanistan\u0131\u2019nda zaten kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bir gelene\u011fe g\u00f6re \u015farap, Dionysos onuruna d\u00fczenlenen \u015fenlikler s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, tekrar eden bir mucize olarak kabul edilirdi; bu bilgiyi M\u00d64. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait anlat\u0131lar\u0131nda Theopompos aktar\u0131r.  Theopompos\u2019un aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir gelene\u011fe g\u00f6re ise siyah \u015farap ilk kez Khios (Sak\u0131z Adas\u0131)\u2019nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Dionysos\u2019un o\u011flu Oinopion, Khios halk\u0131na asmay\u0131 dikmeyi ve ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk \u00f6\u011freten ki\u015fidir. Bu bilgi daha sonra ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere de yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Theophrastos (M\u00d63.-4.y\u00fczy\u0131l), \u00fcz\u00fcm tanelerinin rengine g\u00f6re asma \u00e7e\u015fitlerinden s\u00f6z eder: beyaz, siyah ve is renginde olanlardan ve hatta hem beyaz hem siyah taneleri ayn\u0131 anda ta\u015f\u0131yan bir \u00e7e\u015fitten de bahseder. Siyah ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015faraptan, Homeros\u2019un Odysseia\u2019s\u0131nda, M\u00d68. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren s\u00f6z edilmektedir. Athenaios\u2019un Deipnosophistai<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde (MS2.-3.y\u00fczy\u0131l) ise renge g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 \u015farap t\u00fcr\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z: siyah, beyaz ve balmumu renginde, yani turuncuya \u00e7alan \u015farap. Homeros\u2019un Odysseia\u2019s\u0131nda \u201ck\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015farap\u201dtan da s\u00f6z edilir ancak bunun siyah \u015farab\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ad\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa daha a\u00e7\u0131k renkli bir \u015farab\u0131 m\u0131 ifade etti\u011fi kesin olarak bilinmemektedir. Atinal\u0131 Mnesitheos\u2019a g\u00f6re (M\u00d64. y\u00fczy\u0131l) her bir \u015farap t\u00fcr\u00fc, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc besinsel de\u011ferler ve \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Trakya, Tesalya, Evia, Epidauros, Messinia, Girit, Kithira, Amorgos ve Milos dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lge, antik metinlerde \u015faraplar\u0131yla \u00fcnlenmi\u015f yerler olarak an\u0131l\u0131r; ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Halkidiki\u2019deki Aphytos ve Akanthos gibi kentler de bu \u00fcn\u00fc payla\u015f\u0131r. Antik \u015faraplar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi yaln\u0131zca k\u00f6ken b\u00f6lgeleri ya da \u015farab\u0131n rengiyle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda aromalar\u0131 ve tatlar\u0131yla da hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131r\u0131r. Bu nedenle Homeros, Odysseia<\/em>\u2019da, Xenophon ise Anabasis<\/em>\u2019te (M\u00d64.-5.y\u00fczy\u0131l) keyif verici (tatl\u0131, ho\u015f) \u015faraptan s\u00f6z ederken Hippokrates tatl\u0131 \u015faraptan, Homeros ise Odysseia<\/em>\u2019da bal gibi tatl\u0131 bir \u015faraptan bahseder. Ayr\u0131ca \u201csert\u201d (kat\u0131, keskin) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u015faraplar da vard\u0131; bunlardan Hippokrates (M\u00d64.-5.y\u00fczy\u0131l) ve Xenophon s\u00f6z eder. Bunun yan\u0131nda Hippokrates, ek\u015fi tada sahip \u015faraplardan da bahseder. Hippokrates ayr\u0131ca, tad\u0131 yumu\u015fak olan \u015faraplarla daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, daha yo\u011fun (oin\u014dd\u0113, yani \u201ckuvvetli\u201d) \u015faraplar aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m yapar. Renk ve tad\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, antik \u015faraplar\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc aromalar\u0131na dair de bir\u00e7ok at\u0131fla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Nitekim Aristophanes\u2019in Ploutos<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde (M\u00d64.-5.y\u00fczy\u0131l) ve ba\u015fka eserlerde anthosm\u00eda oinos olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, \u00e7i\u00e7ek kokulu bir \u015faraptan s\u00f6z edilir. Ayr\u0131ca \u015fair Hermippos\u2019un (M\u00d65. y\u00fczy\u0131l) komik dizelerinde, menek\u015fe, g\u00fcl ve s\u00fcmb\u00fcl kokular\u0131 yayan eski bir \u015faraba yap\u0131lan bir g\u00f6nderme yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Resim 2. \u00dcz\u00fcm salk\u0131m\u0131, Kerkira, Temmuz 2021. Foto\u011fraf S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Resim 1. \u00c7i\u011fnenmi\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcmlerden elde edilen \u015f\u0131ra posalar\u0131 (st\u00e9mpfyla), Dikili Ta\u015f (Kavala Filippoi), M\u00d6 4300. Resim: S.M. Valamoti, 2023. Soultana-Maria…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5289,763],"tags":[5369,1739],"class_list":["post-18663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antik-tatlar","category-istoria-tr","tag-tarihsel-referanslar","tag-ellada-tr"],"yoast_head":"\nAntik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u015farab\u0131: k\u00f6ken, renkler, tatlar ve aromalar - Tersine Tar\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/antik-cagin-sarabi-koken-renkler-tatlar-ve-aromalar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Antik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u015farab\u0131: k\u00f6ken, renkler, tatlar ve aromalar - Tersine Tar\u0131m\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Resim 1. \u00c7i\u011fnenmi\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcmlerden elde edilen \u015f\u0131ra posalar\u0131 (st\u00e9mpfyla), Dikili Ta\u015f (Kavala Filippoi), M\u00d6 4300. 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