Resim 1. \u00c7i\u011fnenmi\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcmlerden elde edilen \u015f\u0131ra posalar\u0131 (st\u00e9mfyla), Dikili Ta\u015f (Kavala Filippoi), M\u00d6 4300. Resim: S.M. Valamoti, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yunanistan\u2019da M\u00d6 7.biny\u0131lda ilk Neolitik k\u00f6ylerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte, arkeolojik alanlarda asma bitkisine ait kal\u0131nt\u0131lar da g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7ekirdekleri olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve karbonla\u015fm\u0131\u015f h\u00e2lde ele ge\u00e7en g\u00edgarta\u2019lar (\u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7ekirdekleri) yer al\u0131r. M\u00d6 5.biny\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, Kuzey Yunanistan\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen arkeobotanik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bilinen en eski \u015farab\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kavala\u2019daki Filippoi yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Dikili Ta\u015f yerle\u015fiminde, yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 4300 civar\u0131nda yanm\u0131\u015f bir evin i\u00e7inde, binlerce karbonla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ile birlikte st\u00e9mfyla, yani ezilmi\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcm posalar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu bulgular; kaplar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan kimyasal analizler ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck seramik k\u00e2selerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, 6300 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u015farap \u00fcretildi\u011fine ve \u015farab\u0131n \u00f6zel kaplar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla t\u00fcketildi\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir. Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde, Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na ait yerle\u015fimlerden, \u00f6zellikle Messinia ve Girit\u2019ten benzer bulgular elde edilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015farap tanr\u0131s\u0131 Dionysos\u2019un Yunanistan\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir; zira Dionysos, bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u201cvatan\u0131\u201d olan bir tanr\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0131 Linear B tabletlerinde ge\u00e7mekte, onun arma\u011fanlar\u0131 olan asma ve \u015farap ise bu tabletlerde ayr\u0131 ideogramlarla kaydedilmektedir. Miken toplumunda \u015farap, son derece \u00f6nemli bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc ve dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131, saray merkezlerine ait tabletlerde titizlikle kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Nitekim Pylos\u2019taki Nestor Saray\u0131\u2019nda, \u00fczerinde \u015farap ideogram\u0131 bulunan amforalar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir oda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015earab\u0131n t\u00f6rensel ba\u011flamdaki \u00f6nemi, Lineer B tabletlerinde Antik Yunan\u2019da asma ve \u015farap tanr\u0131s\u0131 olan Dionysos\u2019un ad\u0131n\u0131n okunmas\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019daki \u015farab\u0131n tarih \u00f6ncesi k\u00f6kenleri, tarihsel d\u00f6nemlerde de kesintisiz bi\u00e7imde devam eder; zira arkeolojik tabakalarda hem asman\u0131n kendisine hem \u015farap \u00fcretimine ili\u015fkin arkeobotanik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011fun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Buna paralel olarak, Antik Yunan seramik sanat\u0131nda, tanr\u0131y\u0131 maiyetiyle birlikte rit\u00fceller s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya da \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00e7i\u011fnenmesi gibi \u015farap \u00fcretiminin \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalar\u0131nda betimleyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da Dionysos tasviri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Antik Yunan d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ve \u00f6tesinde \u015farab\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, sunulmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcketilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kaplar\u0131n bollu\u011fu, \u015farap t\u00fcketiminin Antik \u00c7a\u011f Akdeniz toplumlar\u0131nda ne denli sevilen ve yayg\u0131n bir pratik oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farap \u00fcretimi, M\u00d6 1.biny\u0131l boyunca, Bat\u0131 Akdeniz\u2019de kurulan Yunan kolonileri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve G\u00fcney Fransa\u2019daki Massalia gibi kentlere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Antik Yunan on iki tanr\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan ve \u015farap tanr\u0131s\u0131 olan Dionysos\u2019un arma\u011fanlar\u0131, iklimi ve topra\u011f\u0131 asma yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fine elveri\u015fli olan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Resim 1. \u00c7i\u011fnenmi\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcmlerden elde edilen \u015f\u0131ra posalar\u0131 (st\u00e9mfyla), Dikili Ta\u015f (Kavala Filippoi), M\u00d6 4300. Resim: S.M. Valamoti, 2023. Soultana-Maria…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15151,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5289,763],"tags":[5369,1739],"class_list":["post-18635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antik-tatlar","category-istoria-tr","tag-tarihsel-referanslar","tag-ellada-tr"],"yoast_head":"\n