{"id":18520,"date":"2025-10-15T10:47:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:47:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=18520"},"modified":"2026-01-08T13:06:44","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T13:06:44","slug":"yabani-armutlar-gortza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/yabani-armutlar-gortza\/","title":{"rendered":"Yabani armutlar (gortza)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Resim 1. Neolitik yerle\u015fim Dikili Ta\u015f\u2019tan (M\u00d6 4300) k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn yabani armutlar. Kaynak: S.M. Valamoti (2023), Plant Foods of Greece, University of Alabama Press. Foto\u011fraf: S.M. Valamoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunan k\u0131rsal\u0131nda yabani armut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ya da halk aras\u0131nda bilinen adlar\u0131yla gortzia, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n peyzaj\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klarda, a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fcmeleri aras\u0131nda ya da tarlalar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yeti\u015firler. Yaz aylar\u0131nda ho\u015f bir g\u00f6lge sunar, kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama son derece aromatik meyveler verirler. Yabani armut a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n meyveleri, Yunanistan\u2019daki tarih \u00f6ncesi yerle\u015fimlerde de bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en etkileyici \u00f6rnek, Kavala\u2019daki antik Filippoi yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yer alan Neolitik Dikili Ta\u015f yerle\u015fimidir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 4300\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda yang\u0131nla yok olmu\u015f bir evin i\u00e7inde, Neolitik yerle\u015fim sakinleri taraf\u0131ndan depolanm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn yabani armutlarla dolu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kap bulunmu\u015ftur. Yang\u0131n nedeniyle ev tahrip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu meyveler yerle\u015fimin topra\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde korunarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Halkidiki\u2019de Palaiokastro k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bir gortzia (yabani armut a\u011fac\u0131), Kas\u0131m 2024. Foto\u011fraf S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Antik Yunan\u2019da yabani armut a\u011fac\u0131, bir a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak Homeros\u2019tan (M\u00d68. y\u00fczy\u0131l) itibaren bilinmektedir; Odysseia\u2019da \u00e1herdos<\/em> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle an\u0131l\u0131r. Yabani armut a\u011fac\u0131 achr\u00e1s<\/em> ad\u0131yla da ge\u00e7mektedir. Theophrastos, Peri Phyt\u014dn Historiai<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde (M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l) a\u011fac\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131r ve ovada yeti\u015fen yabani armut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ile da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerde yeti\u015fenler aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapar; ovadakilerin daha iyi meyve ve daha kaliteli odun verdi\u011fini belirtir. Sophokles (M\u00d6 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l), Oidipous epi Kol\u014dn\u014d<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde yabani armut a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131, dikenlerle kapl\u0131, etkileyici bir a\u011fa\u00e7 olarak betimler ve onu bir yerin ay\u0131rt edici i\u015fareti olarak sunar. Homeros, Odysseia<\/em>\u2019da yabani armut a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n dikenli dallar\u0131n\u0131n, Eumaios\u2019un domuz a\u011f\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7itin temel malzemesi oldu\u011funu aktar\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, a\u011fac\u0131n odununun yakacak olarak uygun oldu\u011fu bilgisine de Theokritos\u2019ta (M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l) rastlan\u0131r. Yabani armudun meyvesi ise Aristophanes (M\u00d64.-5. y\u00fczy\u0131l)taraf\u0131ndan Ekklesiazousai<\/em> adl\u0131 komedyas\u0131nda an\u0131l\u0131r; burada, yabani armut t\u00fcketimi ile kab\u0131zl\u0131k aras\u0131nda kurulan mizahi ili\u015fki \u00fczerinden esprili bir g\u00f6ndermede bulunulur. Homeros\u2019tan sonraki d\u00f6nemlere ait metinlerde yabani armut meyvelerine \u00f6zellikle komedi edebiyat\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, Aristophanes\u2019teki g\u00f6ndermeye ek olarak, Menandros\u2019un Dyskolos<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde ya\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015fkahraman\u0131n canl\u0131 bir tasviriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z: Kahraman, sapan\u0131yla f\u0131rlatacak ta\u015f\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ta\u015f yerine yabani armutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r; bu ayr\u0131nt\u0131, yabani armutlar\u0131n ne kadar sert oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyar. Theophrastos\u2019un aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, yabani armutlar sonbaharda ya da k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda olgunla\u015f\u0131r ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr armutlar\u0131na k\u0131yasla daha yo\u011fun bir aromaya sahiptir. Bu meyveler, achradop\u014dl\u0113s<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen sat\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan pazarlan\u0131rd\u0131; bunu, komik \u015fair Nikophon\u2019dan (M\u00d64.-5. y\u00fczy\u0131l)kalan bir fragmandan \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Yabani armutlar\u0131n t\u00fcketim bi\u00e7imlerine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip oldu\u011fu da antik kaynaklarda belirtilir: Hippokratik metinlerde, Peri Diait\u0113s<\/em> adl\u0131 eserde, olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f k\u0131\u015f armutlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7i\u011f armutlar\u0131n b\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc (astrenjan) etkiye sahip oldu\u011fu ifade edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Halkidiki\u2019de Palaiokastro k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki bir yabani armut a\u011fac\u0131ndan toplanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rtzalar, Kas\u0131m 2024. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto\u011fraf S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00f6rtza (yabani armutlar) ile pazarda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak olduk\u00e7a zordur ancak Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde bu meyveler h\u00e2l\u00e2 bilinmekte ve onlar\u0131 tan\u0131yan, toplayan ve kullanan insanlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Grevena b\u00f6lgesinde, yabani armutlardan pekmez (petimezi) yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kay\u0131tlar mevcuttur. Bu geleneksel tarifin, yabani armut a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n meyvesinin geleneksel kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 bilerek b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n giderek azalmas\u0131yla birlikte yok olmamas\u0131 umulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Resim 1. Neolitik yerle\u015fim Dikili Ta\u015f\u2019tan (M\u00d6 4300) k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn yabani armutlar. Kaynak: S.M. Valamoti (2023), Plant Foods of Greece,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15185,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5289,763],"tags":[5369,1739],"class_list":["post-18520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antik-tatlar","category-istoria-tr","tag-tarihsel-referanslar","tag-ellada-tr"],"yoast_head":"\nYabani armutlar (gortza) - Tersine Tar\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/yabani-armutlar-gortza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yabani armutlar (gortza) - Tersine Tar\u0131m\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Resim 1. 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