{"id":16841,"date":"2025-12-08T10:16:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T10:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16841"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:18:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:18:54","slug":"deniz-urunleri-balik-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/deniz-urunleri-balik-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri – bal\u0131k 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunanistan\u2019da, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n besin elde etme y\u00f6ntemlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce, yani Orta Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan itibaren, denizin bal\u0131klar ve yumu\u015fak\u00e7alar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan etkileyici bir besin zenginli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Argolida\u2019daki Franhthi Ma\u011faras\u0131 ve Alonnisos Giura\u2019da Kiklop Ma\u011faras\u0131 gibi arkeolojik alanlarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da ton bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131l\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. Kiklop Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda yaln\u0131zca ton bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, zooarkeolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar iskorpit, \u00e7ipura, levrek, uskumru gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli bal\u0131klar\u0131n da avland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca buradaki kaz\u0131lar, Orta Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na ait kemikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da olta i\u011fnesini de g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arkeolojik kay\u0131tlarda daha az g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olsa da, deniz kaynakl\u0131 besinlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131, k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde beslenme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir rol oynuyordu. Neolitik D\u00f6nem\u2019e (M.\u00f6. 7.-4. biny\u0131l) ve Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda (M.\u00f6. 4.\u20132. biny\u0131l) oldu\u011fu gibi, daha sonraki tarihsel d\u00f6nemlerde de zooarkeolojik bulgularda, hem deniz hem de tatl\u0131 su bal\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik tespit edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n

Resim 2.1.a. Zeytinya\u011f\u0131nda muhafaza edilen deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, Selanik 2025. Foto\u011fraf S.M.Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Antik metinlerden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bal\u0131k t\u00fcketimi daha \u00e7ok varl\u0131kl\u0131 sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flara hitap ediyordu. Athineos\u2019un ifade etti\u011fine g\u00f6re M.\u00f6. 4.\u20133. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n komedi \u015fairi Aleksis\u2019in yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda da bu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hatta bu metinlerden birinde biri fakir olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bal\u0131k sat\u0131n al\u0131yorsa, \u00f6nceki gece birilerini soymu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r denmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antik \u00e7a\u011fda olduk\u00e7a \u00fcnl\u00fc olan baz\u0131 bal\u0131k t\u00fcrleri Antik Yunan metinlerinde s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Bunlar\u0131n en bilinen \u00f6rneklerinden biri Homeros\u2019un \u0130lyada\u2019da s\u00f6z etti\u011fi y\u0131lan bal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Arhestratos (M.\u00f6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l), t\u00fcm y\u0131lan bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 lezzetli bir yemek olarak \u00f6vmekle birlikte, \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcney \u0130talya, Messina\u2019daki Reggio Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019nda yakalananlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir yere koyar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, Viotia\u2019daki Kopaida G\u00f6l\u00fc ve Makedonya\u2019daki Strimonas Nehri\u2019ndeki y\u0131lan bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7ok de\u011ferli buldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n

Resim 2.1.b. Tuzda muhafaza edilen deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, Selanik 2025. Foto\u011fraf S.M.Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck bal\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, sardalye, <\/em>k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck y\u00fczey bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden terimle afii<\/em> ve daha bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcr gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bal\u0131k t\u00fcrlerinde de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Attika\u2019daki Faliro B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde bolca bulunan bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bal\u0131klar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de afii<\/em> t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek ate\u015fte k\u0131sa s\u00fcre pi\u015firildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bal\u0131klara ili\u015fkin referanslar, M.\u00f6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Antik Yunan literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bal\u0131klar\u0131 muhafaza etmenin yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemlerinden biri de tuzlamayd\u0131. M.\u00f6. 4\u20133. y\u00fczy\u0131l komedi \u015fairi Aleksis\u2019ten ve bu bilgiyi bize aktaran Athineos\u2019tan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re tuzlanm\u0131\u015f bal\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin ithalat\u0131 da yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu faaliyet o kadar \u00f6nemliydi ki, tuzlanm\u0131\u015f bal\u0131k ithal eden bir t\u00fcccar\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 Atina vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onurunu almaya hak kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n zengin bal\u0131k \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, t\u00fcketim bi\u00e7imleri ve bir\u00e7ok bal\u0131k ad\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de ya\u015famaya devam etmektedir. T\u0131pk\u0131 antik d\u00f6nemde oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck boy bal\u0131klar\u0131n de\u011ferli ve pahal\u0131 bir lezzet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gelene\u011fi de s\u00fcrmektedir!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliyografya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilgilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalby, A.E. W. 1996. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mylona, Dimitra (2007) Fish-eating in Greece from the fifth century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. : a story of impoverished fisherman or luxurious fish banquets? University of Southampton<\/em>, <\/em>Doctoral Thesis<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veropulidu Rena, 2014. Orta Makedonya\u2019da Neolitik ve Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 beslenmesi ve maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleri. Bir kabuklu arkeolojisi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 (Aspects of Neolithic and Bronze Age diet and material culture in central Macedonia: the evidence from shell analyses). Cilt E. Stefani, N. Merousis, A. Dimoula (eds), A century of research in prehistoric Macedonia. International Conference Proceedings. Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, 22-24 November 2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ve<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theodoropoulou, T. (2023). Same sea, different catches. Exploring ecological variations vs. Human choices in prehistoric Mediterranean: The Aegean case. PALEO. Revue d’arch\u00e9ologie pr\u00e9historique<\/em>, (Hors-s\u00e9rie), 176-194.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Yunanistan\u2019da, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16818,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5289,763],"tags":[5369,1739],"class_list":["post-16841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antik-tatlar","category-istoria-tr","tag-tarihsel-referanslar","tag-ellada-tr"],"yoast_head":"\nDeniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri - bal\u0131k 2 - Tersine Tar\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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