{"id":16547,"date":"2025-12-01T10:09:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T10:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16547"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:23:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:23:09","slug":"sarapli-halkalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/sarapli-halkalar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015earapl\u0131 Halkalar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu\u011fday ve \u015farap, tarih \u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flardan beri Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n simgesel besin bile\u015fenleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019daki tarih \u00f6ncesi arkeolojik alanlarda bulunan k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, M.\u00f6. 7. biny\u0131ldan itibaren \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli tah\u0131l t\u00fcrlerinin yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Tek taneli bu\u011fday, \u00e7ift taneli bu\u011fday, Timopheevii t\u00fcr\u00fc bu\u011fday, ayr\u0131ca yumu\u015fak ve sert bu\u011fdayla arpa, binlerce y\u0131l boyunca beslenmenin temel bile\u015fenlerini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Tah\u0131llarla birlikte \u00fcz\u00fcm de, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yabani asmalardan toplanan, zamanla ise yeti\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f bir meyve olarak sistemli bi\u00e7imde hasat edilmekteydi. Ayn\u0131 arkeolojik veriler, M.\u00f6. 5. biny\u0131ldan itibaren Kuzey Yunanistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli miktarda \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00fcretti\u011fini, hatta k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u015farap yap\u0131labildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu sonuca, yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00f6. 4300\u2019e ait, yang\u0131nda yanm\u0131\u015f bir Neolitik evde bulunan \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fcz\u00fcm \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ve \u015farap posas\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu\u011fday ve \u015farab\u0131n merkezi konumu Bronz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda da devam eder; hatta bu \u00fcr\u00fcnler, Miken saraylar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir ve Lineer B yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belgelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16539 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Resim 1. Lezzetli yemekler i\u00e7in basit bile\u015fenler: tek taneli bu\u011fday unu, pekmez, k\u00fcll\u00fc su ve zeytinya\u011f\u0131. Foto\u011fraf: S.M.Valamoti, da\u011fl\u0131k Halkidiki B\u00f6lgesi, 2011.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarihi d\u00f6nemlerde de antik Yunan yazarlar\u0131 tah\u0131llardan ve bunlardan yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli yiyeceklerden, ayr\u0131ca asma meyvesinden ve \u015farap, sirke ve pekmez gibi \u00fcz\u00fcmden \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden s\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6z etmi\u015flerdir. \u015earap ve tah\u0131llar, M.\u00f6. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Homeros\u2019un \u0130lyada destan\u0131nda bile g\u00fc\u00e7 ve cesaret veren temel besin maddeleri olarak tan\u0131mlanarak birlikte an\u0131l\u0131r. Bu iki temel besin, \u015fair Arhilohos\u2019un (M.\u00f6. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131l) dizelerinde de sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131ya sava\u015f alan\u0131nda e\u015flik eden ekmek ve \u015farap olarak yine birlikte ge\u00e7er. Antik Yunan edebiyat\u0131nda, tah\u0131llar ve asma meyvesiyle yap\u0131lan say\u0131s\u0131z yiyecek aras\u0131nda, tah\u0131l ve \u015farab\u0131n birle\u015fiminden olu\u015fan bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, yani <em>inuta<\/em> ad\u0131yla bilinen bir tarif \u00f6zellikle dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Aristofanes\u2019in <em>Zenginlik<\/em> (M.\u00f6. 5.\u20134. y\u00fczy\u0131l) adl\u0131 komedyas\u0131nda ge\u00e7en inuta\u2019n\u0131n un, \u015farap ve zeytinya\u011f\u0131 temelli bir tatl\u0131 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilir. \u00c7ok daha sonra, Athenaeus\u2019un (M.s. 2.\u20133. y\u00fczy\u0131l) Deipnosophistai adl\u0131 eserinde, Girit k\u00f6kenli \u2018<em>glikinas<\/em>\u2019 ad\u0131yla benzer bir tatl\u0131dan s\u00f6z edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her ne kadar bu tarifin tam haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, unla \u015farab\u0131n birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n bir\u00e7ok kara ve ada b\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan \u015farapl\u0131 veya \u2018sarho\u015f\u2019 kurabiyeleri ya da \u015farapl\u0131 kekleri hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tatl\u0131 lezzet genellikle \u015fekerle sa\u011flan\u0131r; ancak antik \u00e7a\u011flarda benzer tatl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcm \u015f\u0131ras\u0131 ya da balla tatland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek zor de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Bu\u011fday ve \u015farap, tarih \u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flardan beri Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16539,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5289,763],"tags":[5369,1739],"class_list":["post-16547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antik-tatlar","category-istoria-tr","tag-tarihsel-referanslar","tag-ellada-tr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u015earapl\u0131 Halkalar - Tersine Tar\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/sarapli-halkalar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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