{"id":16499,"date":"2025-12-01T09:09:46","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T09:09:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16499"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:29:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:29:08","slug":"kara-murver","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/kara-murver\/","title":{"rendered":"Kara M\u00fcrver"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kara m\u00fcrver meyvesi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve koyu renkli olup g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde genellikle re\u00e7el yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bitkinin \u00e7i\u00e7ekleriyse, Balkanlardan \u0130skandinav \u00fclkelerine kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde aromatik \u015furup yap\u0131m\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilir. Kara m\u00fcrver terimi, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde rastlanan halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131na i\u015faret eder; bu inan\u00e7lara g\u00f6re, kara m\u00fcrverin g\u00f6vdesinde ruhlar ya\u015far. Yunanistan\u2019daki arkeobotanik veriler, bitkinin Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan itibaren varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir; ancak k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f tohumlar\u0131na genellikle az rastlan\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, Kozani b\u00f6lgesindeki Klito adl\u0131 Neolitik yerle\u015fimde, bu bitkinin bir\u00e7ok tohumu temiz halde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16481 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-2048x1151.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Resim 1. Orta Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f kara m\u00fcrver, May\u0131s 2022. Foto\u011fraf: S.-M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Antik Yunan metinlerinde bitkiye yap\u0131lan at\u0131flarsa g\u00f6rece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r ve hemen hemen sadece antik Yunan hekimlerinin metinlerinde yer al\u0131r. Theofrastos (M.\u00f6. 4.\u20133. y\u00fczy\u0131l), az da olsa kara m\u00fcrverin botanik \u00f6zellikleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. Antik Yunancada kara m\u00fcrver i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kelime <em>akti<\/em> (ve <em>aktea<\/em>) idi. Daha sonraki anonim ve par\u00e7alar halinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan bir t\u0131bbi metindeyse, kara m\u00fcrver kelimesi <em>akti<\/em>yi a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antik Yunan edebiyat\u0131ndaki at\u0131flar genellikle, bitkinin \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131bbi \u00f6zellikleri ve belirli hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in re\u00e7etelerde kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgilidir. Hipokrat corpusu (M.\u00f6. 5.\u20134. y\u00fczy\u0131l), kara \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in tariflerde kullan\u0131lan bir bile\u015fen oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren \u00e7ok say\u0131da yaz\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <em>Hastal\u0131klar \u00dczerine<\/em> adl\u0131 eserde, balgam ve ate\u015fle birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fclen ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda, e\u011fer a\u011fr\u0131 ve ate\u015f ge\u00e7mezse, \u00f6nceden bahsedilen iki i\u00e7ecekten daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc se\u00e7enek olarak hastaya kara m\u00fcrver yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n suyu i\u00e7irilmesi \u00f6nerilir. <em>Beslenme \u00dczerine <\/em>adl\u0131 eserde, kara m\u00fcrver suyu (bitkinin hangi k\u0131sm\u0131ndan elde edildi\u011fi belirtilmemi\u015ftir) ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve m\u00fcshil etkisi olan i\u00e7ecekler aras\u0131nda say\u0131l\u0131r. Dioskurides (M.s. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131l), <em>T\u0131bbi Maddeler \u00dczerine <\/em>adl\u0131 eserinde kara m\u00fcrverle (<em>akti<\/em>) bodur m\u00fcrveri (<em>hameakti<\/em>) birbirinden ay\u0131rarak benzer sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki bitkinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 verdikten sonra tedavi edici \u00f6zellikleriyle kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralar. Dioskorides\u2019e g\u00f6re meyveler mideye zararl\u0131d\u0131r, yapraklar ve gen\u00e7 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler, ha\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda safra ve balgam\u0131 temizleyici etki g\u00f6sterir ve k\u00f6kleri \u015farapta kaynat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda engerek y\u0131lan\u0131 sokmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 panzehir olarak verilir. Ayr\u0131ca Dioskorides, bitkinin bir\u00e7ok t\u0131bbi \u00f6zelli\u011fi aras\u0131nda, kara m\u00fcrver k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn kaynat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 suyla banyo yapman\u0131n rahim hastal\u0131klar\u0131na iyi geldi\u011fini ve benzer \u015fekilde meyvesinin \u015farapla birlikte t\u00fcketilmesinin de ayn\u0131 etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu belirtir. Son olarak, arpa unu ve bitkinin gen\u00e7 filizlerinden yap\u0131lan lapalar\u0131n yan\u0131klar ve k\u00f6pek \u0131s\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 rahatlama sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahseder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Resim 2. Selanik\u2019te sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, kara m\u00fcrver meyvesinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f re\u00e7el, Eyl\u00fcl 2025, Magnisia Pilio \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc. Foto\u011fraf: S.-M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16473 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Yunan floras\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fen kara m\u00fcrver, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de besin bile\u015feni olarak kullan\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir, ancak kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131n de\u011fildir. Yo\u011fun, koyu vi\u015fne rengindeki meyvelerinden yap\u0131lan kara m\u00fcrver re\u00e7elleri, genellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yerel \u00fcretimlerde bulunur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc meyvelerin toplanmas\u0131 zahmetli, \u00fcretimi ise s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yabani do\u011fa hazinesinden, yani tarih \u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flardan beri Yunanistan\u2019da toplanan bu bitkiden yap\u0131lan re\u00e7eller, Tesalya B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki Pilio ve Kalambaka kentlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kad\u0131n tar\u0131m kooperatiflerinden veya y\u00f6resel \u00fcr\u00fcnler satan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fckk\u00e2nlardan temin edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16489 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Resim 3. Selanik\u2019te sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, kara m\u00fcrver meyvesinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f re\u00e7el, Eyl\u00fcl 2025, Magnisia Pilio \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc. Foto\u011fraf: S.-M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Kara m\u00fcrver meyvesi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve koyu renkli olup&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5289,763],"tags":[5369,1739],"class_list":["post-16499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antik-tatlar","category-istoria-tr","tag-tarihsel-referanslar","tag-ellada-tr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kara M\u00fcrver - Tersine Tar\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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