{"id":15348,"date":"2025-07-09T07:35:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T07:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=15348"},"modified":"2026-01-07T10:24:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:24:09","slug":"zeytin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/zeytin\/","title":{"rendered":"Zeytin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zeytin a\u011fac\u0131, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r Ege’nin bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnde yer al\u0131r. Santorini’de yakla\u015f\u0131k 40.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait fosille\u015fmi\u015f zeytin yapraklar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. M.\u00f6. 5. biny\u0131ldan itibaren, Girit ve daha sonra Peloponnisos\u2019taki arkeolojik sitelerde odun ve zeytin \u00e7ekirde\u011fi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Kuzey Ege’de, tarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde zeytin a\u011fac\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Daha kuzeydeki ilk izlerine, M.\u00f6. 3. ve 2. biny\u0131llara tarihlenen bitkinin polen ve odun kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131nda rastlan\u0131r. Bronz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’nda G\u00fcney Yunanistan’da zeytin yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi, \u00f6zel kaplarda, yani sahte \u00fczengi a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131 amforalarda t\u00fcm Akdeniz’de dola\u015f\u0131ma giren zeytinya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimiyle yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Zeytin ve zeytinya\u011f\u0131ndan, M.\u00f6. 2. biny\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Linear B yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda s\u00f6z edilirken, Homeros’un Odisseia’s\u0131nda zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve armut, elma ve nar gibi di\u011fer meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bah\u00e7elerden bahsedilmektedir.

Zeytin zeytinya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimiyle yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili olsa da, Antik Yunanistan’da do\u011frudan t\u00fcketilen ve sevilen bir yiyecekti. Zeytinin meyvenin haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f \u015fekline, kalitesine ve men\u015feine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli sofral\u0131k zeytin t\u00fcrlerinin mevcut oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Aristofanes (M.\u00f6. 4.-3. y\u00fczy\u0131l) iki kez ge\u00e7en thlasti<\/em> terimiyle, k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f zeytinden bahseder ve hatta bir defa da bu zeytinlerin almada<\/em>\u2019dan yani salamurada saklanan zeytinden daha iyi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. M.\u00f6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda antik Atina’da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f komedi eserleri \u015fairi Efpolis, dripetis terimiyle, a\u011fa\u00e7ta olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f zeytinleri ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bir al\u0131nt\u0131da bu terimi kullanan Arhestratos (M.\u00f6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l) gibi sonraki d\u00f6nem \u015fairleri de bu zeytin t\u00fcr\u00fcnden bahsetmi\u015ftir. Antik Yunanistan’da yenen zeytin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi etkileyicidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc thlasti, almada ve dripetis d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, zeytinlerin t\u00fcketildi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 \u015fekil daha vard\u0131r: gergerimon<\/em>, pityrin<\/em> ve lefki<\/em>. M.\u00f6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fairi Kallimahos’un eserindeki bir al\u0131nt\u0131da, iyice buru\u015fana kadar b\u0131rak\u0131lan zeytinleri ifade eden gergerimon zeytini, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck zeytinler i\u00e7in pitirin ve lefkin terimiyle tan\u0131mlanan, a\u00e7\u0131k renkli zeytinlerden bahsetmektedir. Kallimahos\u2019tan bu zeytinlerin tuzlu suda y\u00fczd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Kolimvades<\/em> (y\u00fczen) terimi, yani tuzlu suda bekletilen ve yemeklere e\u015flik eden zeytinlere verilen isim de ayn\u0131 \u015fairden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir bilgidir. Bu zeytinler i\u00e7in, Aristofanes’te de rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z almada kelimesi de kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Tarih\u00e7i Polivios (M.\u00f6 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l) \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zeytinlerden bahsederken, Libya’daki lotus meyvesinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, muhtemelen b\u00fcy\u00fck boy zeytin anlam\u0131na gelen gongila<\/em> olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zeytinlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.

O d\u00f6nemlerden binlerce y\u0131l sonra, b\u00fcy\u00fck ye\u015fil zeytinler, Thasos Adas\u0131 sele zeytini, bug\u00fcn de antik \u00e7a\u011fda oldu\u011fu gibi ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan almada ile birlikte g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Yunan sofralar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaya devam etmektedir. Mani ve Yunanistan’\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerindeki k\u0131rma zeytinleri, antik Yunanistan’daki thlasti zeytinlerini an\u0131msat\u0131r. Bu zeytinler, i\u015flenmeden \u00f6nce ta\u015fla ezilerek haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Zeytin a\u011fac\u0131, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r Ege’nin bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnde yer…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5289,763],"tags":[5369,1739],"class_list":["post-15348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antik-tatlar","category-istoria-tr","tag-tarihsel-referanslar","tag-ellada-tr"],"yoast_head":"\nZeytin - Tersine Tar\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/zeytin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta 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