{"id":13166,"date":"2025-06-16T08:56:41","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T08:56:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/main\/?p=13166"},"modified":"2025-12-22T20:51:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T20:51:52","slug":"gambilya-bir-ege-murdumugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/gambilya-bir-ege-murdumugu\/","title":{"rendered":"Gambilya, bir Ege m\u00fcrd\u00fcm\u00fc\u011f\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Resim 1: B\u00fct\u00fcn halinde ve el de\u011firmeninde k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halleriyle afkos tohumlar\u0131 (Foto\u011fraf S.M.Valamoti, Food Crops in Ancient Greek Cuisine: an archaeobotanical and textual study, Valamoti, Fyntikoglou, Symponis 2022, University Studio Press kitab\u0131ndan).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sultana Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk defa \u00fclkemizde g\u00f6r\u00fclen baklagiller, 9000 y\u0131ld\u0131r b\u00f6lgemizdeki ilk tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan toplumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana Yunanistan’da yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. Baklagiller, de\u011ferli bir bitkisel protein kayna\u011f\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in tarih \u00f6ncesi zamanlarda ve antik \u00e7a\u011flarda da oldu\u011fu gibi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Yunanistan’da geleneksel beslenmenin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar i\u00e7in tah\u0131llarla birlikte dengeli ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenmenin temelini olu\u015ftururlar. M.\u00f6. 7. biny\u0131ldan beri yeti\u015fen mercimek, m\u00fcrd\u00fcm\u00fck (Lathyrus<\/em> sativus<\/em>) ve bezelyenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Santorini’deki Akrotiri ve Girit’teki Knossos gibi tarih \u00f6ncesi yerle\u015fimlerde Bronz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6zel bir m\u00fcrd\u00fcm\u00fck t\u00fcr\u00fc daha vard\u0131r. Bu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Limnos Adas\u0131\u2019nda afkos<\/em> ad\u0131yla yeti\u015ftirilen Lathyrus ochrus<\/em> t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bezelyeye \u00e7ok benzeyen tohumlar\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f halde, Knossos’ta (Gipsades) b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda depolanm\u0131\u015f olarak bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antik bir kelimeyi belirli bir bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmek kolay olmasa da, Lathyrus ochrus<\/em> s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, t\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin sar\u0131 rengine at\u0131fta bulunan antik \u2018ohros<\/em>\u2019 (sar\u0131) kelimesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok muhtemeldir. Bu bitkiye yap\u0131lan ilk referansa, daha az sindirilebilir oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen di\u011fer baklagillerle bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmayla ilk defa Hipokrat metinlerinde (M.\u00f6. 5. – 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l) rastlan\u0131r. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren antik komedyan\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde Aleksis, Anaksandridis ve Antifanis gibi \u015fairler taraf\u0131ndan bu m\u00fcrd\u00fcm\u00fckten bahsedilir. Bu \u015fairlerin dizelerinde, ohros<\/em>\u2019un (gambilya) yemek men\u00fclerinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Aleksis’in ohros<\/em>\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0131fta, bu bitkinin yoksul ailelerin yiyece\u011fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antik Yunan’da ohros<\/em> \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekilde t\u00fcketilirdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Yunanistan’\u0131n k\u0131rsal kesimlerinde m\u00fcrd\u00fcm\u00fck t\u00fcrlerinin ne kadar benzer \u015fekillerde t\u00fcketildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmek \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Antik metinlerde ohros<\/em>\u2019tan yap\u0131lan sar\u0131 lapaya, yani g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn favas\u0131na \u00f6zel bir at\u0131fta bulunulmasa da, M.\u00f6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n filozoflar\u0131ndan Fenias\u2019tan bu sar\u0131 renkli (yumurta sar\u0131s\u0131 rengi) baklagil lapas\u0131n\u0131n antik Yunanistan’da bilindi\u011fini \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Ohros<\/em>\u2019unda sahip oldu\u011fu sar\u0131 \u00e7enekler, bizim me\u015fhur favam\u0131zda oldu\u011fu gibi kendi rengini katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir lapa halinde pi\u015firilebilir. Ayr\u0131ca Fenias, ohros<\/em>\u2019un kabu\u011fun ye\u015filken, yani tohumlar ye\u015fil, yumu\u015fak ve tatl\u0131yken at\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131k olarak da yenilebilece\u011finden \u00f6zellikle bahsetmektedir. Ohros<\/em>\u2019un art\u0131k olgunla\u015f\u0131p da kurudu\u011funda, tohumlar\u0131n kavrulmu\u015f ya da ha\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olarak yenildi\u011fini de ekler. Son olarak da Theofrastos bitkinin k\u00f6rpe, gen\u00e7 filizlerinden d\u00f6nemin bir tatl\u0131s\u0131 olarak bahseder. Bu, ohros<\/em>\u2019un<\/a> Girit’te tam olarak ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yendi\u011fi mevsimsel, gastronomik uygulamay\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ohros<\/em>\u2019un k\u00f6rpe filizlerinden yap\u0131lan bu meze, \u2018papules\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Resim 2: Afkos pi\u015fmi\u015f pi\u015firirken Sofi Hampsi, Limnos, Temmuz 2011 (Foto\u011fraf S.M.Valamoti, S.M. Valamoti 2023, Plant Foods of Greece, University of Alabama Press). (Taba\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu di\u011fer resim, Food Crops kitab\u0131ndan, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 ve a\u015f\u00e7\u0131 S.M. Valamoti)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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