{"id":12819,"date":"2025-04-23T08:57:08","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T08:57:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/main\/?p=12819"},"modified":"2025-12-18T11:01:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T11:01:32","slug":"pekmez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/tr\/pekmez\/","title":{"rendered":"Pekmez"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em><strong>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u015eekerin var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, \u00fcz\u00fcm suyundan yap\u0131lan bu tatl\u0131 \u015furup, antik mutfakta ve \u00f6tesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fere sahipti. Yunanistan&#8217;da en az 9000 y\u0131ld\u0131r var olan \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn, Kuzey Yunanistan&#8217;da ya\u015fayanlar taraf\u0131ndan M.\u00f6. 5. biny\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren s\u0131k\u0131larak suyunun elde edildi\u011fi kesindir. Bu uygulama hem k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f \u00fcz\u00fcmlerin arkeobotanik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n hem de antik metinlerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczere daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde iyice yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcz\u00fcm\u00fcn suyu \u015faraba ek olarak, uygun bir i\u015flemden ge\u00e7irilerek tatl\u0131 bir \u015furuba da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebiliyordu.<br>Hekim Galen, Zay\u0131flama Diyeti \u00dczerine adl\u0131 eserinde, \u00e7ok iyi kaynat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0131radan yap\u0131lan bir preparat olan siraion&#8217;dan (\u015f\u0131ra suyu) bahseder. Bu tatl\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131, Hipokrat&#8217;\u0131n Diyet \u00dczerine adl\u0131 eserinde buldu\u011fumuz bir ba\u015fka antik kelime olan epsima (pekmez) ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Konsantre \u00fcz\u00fcm suyu kaynat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra farkl\u0131 t\u0131bbi ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ge\u00e7 antik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc hekimlerinden Amidal\u0131 Aetius\u2019un eserinde, harici kullan\u0131m ya da t\u00fcketim i\u00e7in t\u0131bbi preparatlarda bir bile\u015fen olarak s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm suyundan bahsedilmektedir. Mizah \u015fairleri Alexis ve Antifanis\u2019ten al\u0131nt\u0131larda ve Aristofanes&#8217;in E\u015fek Ar\u0131lar\u0131 adl\u0131 eserinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Hipokrat&#8217;\u0131n Kad\u0131n Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00dczerine eserinde de siraion\u2019a at\u0131fta bulunulur. Pekmezle, Antik Yunan metinlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Latin yazarlar\u0131n metinlerinde de \u015f\u0131ran\u0131n kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilen s\u0131v\u0131 anlam\u0131ndaki defrutum ve sapa terimleri alt\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Hatta hekim \u0130mparator Claudius\u2019un Scribonius Largus adl\u0131 eserinde ayva, nar ve \u00fcvez gibi di\u011fer meyvelerin \u00fcz\u00fcm \u015f\u0131ras\u0131nda eriyene kadar uzun s\u00fcre kaynat\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u015f\u0131ran\u0131n di\u011fer meyveler i\u00e7in koruyucu g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tariflere de rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Pekmez ya da eskilerin deyimiyle epsima de\u011ferli bir tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sadece antik \u00e7a\u011fda de\u011fil daha yak\u0131n zamanlarda da t\u0131bbi re\u00e7etelerin \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015feni olarak, hem mutfakta hem de geleneksel t\u0131pta g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaynat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u015furup formundaki tatl\u0131 \u015f\u0131ra, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve t\u0131bbi bile\u015fen olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, geleneksel olarak meyvenin pekmezde kaynat\u0131larak saklan\u0131p korundu\u011fu re\u00e7elli ve meyveli tatl\u0131lar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda da temeldir. Ayr\u0131ca, adet sanc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve solunum sistemi problemlerini hafifletti\u011fine inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in geleneksel t\u0131bbi tariflerde de h\u00e2l\u00e2 pekmez mevcuttur. \u00c7e\u015fitli tedavilerde de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br>Resim<br>Grevena, Kosmati\u2019de pekmez \u00fcretimi, Kas\u0131m 2017. Foto\u011fraf: Georgios Vili Kapetanakis, Valamoti S.M. 2023, Plant Foods of Greece, University of Alabama Press<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki \u015eekerin var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, \u00fcz\u00fcm suyundan yap\u0131lan&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":9583,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5289,763],"tags":[3169,3168,1739],"class_list":["post-12819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antik-tatlar","category-istoria-tr","tag-gastronomi","tag-istoria-tr","tag-ellada-tr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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