{"id":16955,"date":"2025-12-09T09:32:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T09:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16955"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:14:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:14:45","slug":"fisk-och-skaldjur-mollusker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/sv\/fisk-och-skaldjur-mollusker\/","title":{"rendered":"Fisk och skaldjur \u2013 mollusker"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Havet har varit i centrum f\u00f6r livet i Grekland \u00e4nda sedan f\u00f6rhistorisk tid. Vattnet har m\u00f6jliggjort kommunikation, transport och utbyte av b\u00e5de varor och id\u00e9er. I vattnen lever dessutom en f\u00f6rbluffande m\u00e5ngfald av \u00e4tbara arter. Arkeologer har hittat kvarlevor av fisk och mollusker vid arkeologiska utgr\u00e4vningar \u00f6ver hela det maritima Grekland samt p\u00e5 n\u00e5gra platser in\u00e5t landet. Det \u00e4r bevis p\u00e5 att havet var en stor k\u00e4lla till mat f\u00f6r de f\u00f6rhistoriska befolkningar som levde i och runt Egeiska havet. En samling med mollusker inklusive havssn\u00e4ckor (Cerithium vulgatum<\/em>) p\u00e5tr\u00e4ffades vid Franchthi, en mesolitisk utgr\u00e4vning. Ytterligare fynd har p\u00e5tr\u00e4ffats fr\u00e5n den neolitiska eran, fr\u00e5n 7:e \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr. och senare perioder. De f\u00f6rhistoriska populationerna i Argolis fortsatte att sk\u00f6rda mollusker \u00e4ven efter att de \u00f6verg\u00e5tt till jordbruk under den neolitiska eran. Betydande samlingar av fisk och skaldjur har p\u00e5tr\u00e4ffats i bos\u00e4ttningar som daterats till den neolitiska eran (7:e\u20134:e \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr.), och det verkar som att b\u00e5de skaldjur och s\u00f6tvattensfisk konsumerades under hela brons\u00e5ldern (4:e\u20132:a \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr) och \u00e4nda in i historisk tid. F\u00f6rhistoriska utgr\u00e4vningar inneh\u00e5ller ofta t\u00e4ta ansamlingar av marina skaldjur fr\u00e5n stranden, d\u00e4ribland hj\u00e4rtmusslor (Cerastoderma edulis), musslor, taggiga ostron (Spondylus gaederopus), rakbladsmusslor, pinnmusslor, pilgrimsmusslor, sk\u00e5lsn\u00e4ckor, sj\u00f6borrar och m\u00e5nga fler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bild 1. R\u00e5a rakbladsmusslor serveras i ett modernt makedoniskt hem, 2021. Foto: gener\u00f6st beviljat av Chistina Nikopoulou<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Arkeologisk forskning och s\u00e4rskilda zooarkeologiska studier har visat att skaldjur \u00e4ven konsumerades under hela den historiska perioden i Grekland, fr\u00e5n 1:a \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr och fram\u00e5t. Mollusker som \u00e5ts under den neolitiska eran och brons\u00e5ldern, som havssn\u00e4ckor, sk\u00e5lsn\u00e4ckor, pinnmusslor osv. fortsatte \u00e4ven att sk\u00f6rdas senare, n\u00e5got som kan ses av arkeologiska fynd vid Poseidons tempel i Kalaureia, Poros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ut\u00f6ver det arkeologiska beviset s\u00e5 bekr\u00e4ftas \u00e4ven en utbredd konsumtion av mollusker av litter\u00e4ra k\u00e4llor. De olika arterna av skaldjur var k\u00e4nda under en rad olika namn i antiken. Galen (2:a \u00e5rhundradet e.Kr), s\u00e4rskiljer i sitt verk De alimentorum facultatibus<\/em> ostron fr\u00e5n alla andra skaldjur p\u00e5 grund av deras mjuka k\u00f6tt, som g\u00f6r att de kan \u00e4tas r\u00e5a, och att \u00e4ven om de kanske inte \u00e4r s\u00e5 n\u00e4ringsrika s\u00e5 \u00e4r de sn\u00e4lla mot magen. \u00c5 andra sidan noterar han att \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 <\/em>(sm\u00e5 musslor) och \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03ba\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 <\/em>(en typ havssn\u00e4cka) har ett h\u00e5rt k\u00f6tt, och endast \u00e4r \u00e4tbara n\u00e4r de har kokats. De \u00e4r n\u00e4ringsrika men n\u00e5got sv\u00e5rsm\u00e4lta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Bild 2. R\u00e5a rakbladsmusslor och ostron med citron, redo f\u00f6r servering i ett modernt makedoniskt hem, 2021. Foto: gener\u00f6st beviljat av Chistina Nikopoulou<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Man har \u00e4tit mollusker i Grekland i minst 10 000 \u00e5r, ett verkligt imponerande tidsspann. N\u00e5gra av dessa, som pennmusslor, musslor och rakbladsmusslor har exakt samma namn p\u00e5 modern grekiska och anses som delikatesser \u00e4ven idag. \u00c4ven om dessa skaldjur inte alltid finns tillg\u00e4ngliga p\u00e5 marknaden s\u00e5 hittar du dem ofta i kokb\u00f6cker med lokala recept, eller i s\u00e4llsynta samlingar av familjerecept, som pennmusslor med chavara (vilda musslor) fr\u00e5n Lefkada, sk\u00e5lmusslor plaki och kalognomes (en typ av mussla) med ditalini fr\u00e5n Lemnos, r\u00f6dmunnade sniglar och sk\u00e5lmusslor med gr\u00f6nk\u00e5l eller grillade sk\u00e5lmusslor och sniglar fr\u00e5n Volos, musslor fr\u00e5n Thessalien och Makedonien, s\u00e4rskilt runt Thermaikos-bukten d\u00e4r de \u00e4ven sk\u00f6rdas i Halkidiki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliografi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En del av ovanst\u00e5ende information h\u00e4mtades fr\u00e5n f\u00f6ljande dokument:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalby, A.E. W. 1996. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mylona, Dimitra (2007) Fish-eating in Greece from the fifth century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. : a story of impoverished fisherman or luxurious fish banquets? University<\/em> of<\/em> Southampton<\/em>, <\/em>Doktorsavhandling<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 2014. \u038c\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (Aspects of Neolithic and Bronze Age diet and material culture in central Macedonia: the evidence from shell analyses). I volymen E. Stefani, N. Merousis, A. Dimoula (eds), Ett \u00e5rhundrade av forskning om f\u00f6rhistoriska Makedonien. Protokoll fr\u00e5n internationella konferenser. Thessalonikis arkeologiska museum, 22\u201324 november 2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n

och<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theodoropoulou, T. (2023). Same sea, different catches. Exploring ecological variations vs. Human choices in prehistoric Mediterranean: The Aegean case. PALEO. Revue d’arch\u00e9ologie pr\u00e9historique<\/em>, (Hors-s\u00e9rie), 176-194.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Havet har varit i centrum f\u00f6r livet i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5288,762],"tags":[1721,5368],"class_list":["post-16955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forntida-smaker","category-istoria-sv","tag-ellada-sv","tag-historiska-kallor"],"yoast_head":"\nFisk och skaldjur \u2013 mollusker - Omv\u00e4nt jordbruk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/sv\/fisk-och-skaldjur-mollusker\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta 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