{"id":16917,"date":"2025-12-08T11:05:53","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T11:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16917"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:16:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:16:43","slug":"saffran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/sv\/saffran\/","title":{"rendered":"Saffran"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c4ven om det \u00e4r osannolikt att saffran har bevarats p\u00e5 arkeologiska utgr\u00e4vningsplatser s\u00e5 visar de sl\u00e5ende fynden fr\u00e5n Akrotiri p\u00e5 Santorini att den h\u00e4r v\u00e4xten sk\u00f6rdades av kvinnor s\u00e5 tidigt som 2:a \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr. Fynden i fr\u00e5ga innefattar den v\u00e4lk\u00e4nda v\u00e4ggm\u00e5lningen som avbildar tv\u00e5 kvinnor som sk\u00f6rdar saffran i ett klippigt landskap, k\u00e4nd som \u201dSaffranssk\u00f6rdarna\u201d. Den p\u00e5tr\u00e4ffades i en byggnad som f\u00f6rst\u00f6rdes av askan fr\u00e5n vulkanutbrottet p\u00e5 Santorini, en h\u00e4ndelse som daterats till runt 1600 f.Kr. Det finns \u00e4ven referenser till saffran i Linear B-tavlor fr\u00e5n den mykenska perioden (ca. 1350\u20131200 f.Kr) som p\u00e5tr\u00e4ffats i Knossos, Kreta, och som visar att palatset \u00f6vervakade insamlingen och f\u00f6rs\u00f6kte \u00f6ka den m\u00e4ngd som sk\u00f6rdades och lagrades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bild 1. Pistillm\u00e4rken fr\u00e5n saffranskrokusen, Kozani i V\u00e4stra Makedonien. Fotografi av S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Det finns gott om referenser till saffran i antik grekisk litteratur. Kryddan finns omn\u00e4mnd redan i de homeriska eposerna fr\u00e5n 700-talet f.Kr. i det sammansatta adjektivet krokopeplos<\/em>, som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att beskriva gryningen som insvept i ett gult flor, och f\u00f6rmedlar p\u00e5 ett livfullt s\u00e4tt att himlen \u00e4r saffransf\u00e4rgad n\u00e4r dagen gryr. I den homeriska Demeterhymnen<\/em> \u00e4r saffran en av de m\u00e5nga v\u00e4xter som Persefone samlar in n\u00e4r hon f\u00f6rs bort av Hades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Det finns m\u00e5nga referenser till anv\u00e4ndning av saffran f\u00f6r att f\u00e4rga kl\u00e4der i litter\u00e4ra k\u00e4llor fr\u00e5n det antika Grekland. I ett fragment som Athenaios tillskriver Cypria (700-talet f.Kr.) n\u00e4mns kl\u00e4der som tillverkats och f\u00e4rgats av Chariterna och Horerna med f\u00e4rger fr\u00e5n v\u00e5rblomster, d\u00e4ribland saffran, och under 500-talet f.Kr. beskriver Pindar de lindor som sp\u00e4dbarnet Herakles \u00e4r insvept i som krokoton sparganon<\/em> (Nemea 1.38), sannolikt f\u00f6r att han anser att saffransf\u00e4rgen passar hj\u00e4ltens storhet. P\u00e5 liknande vis ser vi hur Aeschylus, som skriver under samma period, l\u00e5ter k\u00f6ren i tragedin Perserna<\/em> beskriva den antike kungen Darius skodon som krokobapton<\/em> (saffransf\u00e4rgade). I Agamemnon<\/em>, har Ifigenia p\u00e5 sig en mantel f\u00e4rgad med saffran n\u00e4r Agamemnon leder henne att offras till Artemis. I Aristofanes komedier (400-talet f.Kr.) omn\u00e4mns saffran ofta som ett inslag i kvinnors prydnader \u2013 antingen som parfym f\u00f6r en kokett dam (Molnen 51) eller, oftare, som f\u00e4rgen p\u00e5 deras kl\u00e4der. Vid den h\u00e4r tiden hade ordet krokotos<\/em> kommit att betyda \u201dett plagg f\u00e4rgat med saffran\u201d (t.ex. i Lysistrate<\/em>: krokotophorousai kai kekallopismenai<\/em>). I en anda av h\u00e5n och f\u00f6r komisk effekt blir saffransf\u00e4rgade kl\u00e4der symboliska i scener d\u00e4r m\u00e4n kl\u00e4r ut sig till kvinnor, eller f\u00f6r att antyda omanlighet eller vekhet (t.ex. Thesmophoriazusae<\/em> 253, 941; Ecclesiazusae<\/em> 332; och till och med f\u00f6r guden Dionysos i Grodor<\/em> 45\u201346).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bild 2. Saffranspistillm\u00e4rken fr\u00e5n Kozani, malda och uppl\u00f6sta i varmt vatten. Det \u00e4r s\u00e5 doften och f\u00e4rgen fr\u00e5n saffran inf\u00f6rlivas i recept. Fotografi av S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div>

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Det f\u00f6rekom \u00e4ven en utbredd anv\u00e4ndning av saffran f\u00f6r terapeutiska \u00e4ndam\u00e5l, n\u00e5got som framg\u00e5r av de otaliga h\u00e4nvisningarna till den i medicinska texter s\u00e5 tidigt som Hippokrates (400-talet f.Kr.) och i Hippokrates samlade texter d\u00e4r saffran f\u00f6rekommer i m\u00e5nga recept i kombination med andra ingredienser, ofta i specifika proportioner. Saffran omn\u00e4mns ocks\u00e5 hundratals g\u00e5nger i senare l\u00e4kares verk, som Pedanius Dioskorides (1:a \u00e5rhundradet e.Kr.), som \u00e4ven refererar till en salva gjord p\u00e5 saffran, krokomagma<\/em>. Ett \u00e5rhundrade senare n\u00e4mner \u00e4ven Galen krokomagma<\/em>, men med inneb\u00f6rden av ett l\u00e4kemedel som inneh\u00e5ller saffran som ingrediens. I en l\u00e5ngt senare text fr\u00e5n 500-talet e.Kr. av l\u00e4karen Alexander fr\u00e5n Tralles, finner vi slutligen termen krokomelon<\/em>, som refererar till en sirap p\u00e5 kvitten och saffran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Idag \u00e4r saffran en produkt med skyddad ursprungsbeteckning (SUB) som odlas systematisk i Kozani i V\u00e4stra Makedonien. Den traditionella matkulturen fr\u00e5n Kykladerna inneh\u00e5ller dessutom recept som anv\u00e4nder sig av den inhemska saffranssorten. Det finns rapporter om att vild saffran sk\u00f6rdades p\u00e5 h\u00f6g h\u00f6jd p\u00e5 Kimolos, och det finns nedtecknat att den sk\u00f6rdas p\u00e5 Santorini, sm\u00e5skaligt p\u00e5 hush\u00e5llsniv\u00e5 \u00e4ven i modern tid. Kimolos traditionella julbr\u00f6d inneh\u00e5ller saffran, specifikt med lite vatten som f\u00e5r st\u00e5 och dra i flera timmar med pistillm\u00e4rken fr\u00e5n saffranskrokusen. Saffran anv\u00e4nds p\u00e5 liknande s\u00e4tt i p\u00e5skbr\u00f6d fr\u00e5n Anafi, d\u00e4r pistillm\u00e4rkena mals i mortel, l\u00f6ses upp i vatten och tills\u00e4tts i degen. P\u00e5 Santorini \u2013 d\u00e4r v\u00e4ggm\u00e5lningen med saffranssk\u00f6rdarna fr\u00e5n 2:a \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr p\u00e5tr\u00e4ffades \u2013 hittar vi idag saffransbaserade bakverk som sm\u00e5 skorpor och xerot\u00edgana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki \u00c4ven om det \u00e4r osannolikt att saffran har…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16901,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5288,762],"tags":[1721,5368],"class_list":["post-16917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forntida-smaker","category-istoria-sv","tag-ellada-sv","tag-historiska-kallor"],"yoast_head":"\nSaffran - Omv\u00e4nt jordbruk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/sv\/saffran\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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