{"id":16840,"date":"2025-12-08T10:16:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T10:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16840"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:18:47","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:18:47","slug":"fisk-och-skaldjur-fisk-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/sv\/fisk-och-skaldjur-fisk-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Fisk och skaldjur \u2013 Fisk 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I det mesolitiska Grekland, l\u00e5ngt innan jordbrukets och djurh\u00e5llningens int\u00e5g och den efterf\u00f6ljande revolutionen i fr\u00e5ga om f\u00f6rs\u00f6rjning, s\u00e5 verkar den lokala befolkningen ha varit starkt beroende av havet och dess m\u00e5ngfald av fisk och skaldjur f\u00f6r sitt uppeh\u00e4lle. Vid arkeologiska utgr\u00e4vningar, s\u00e5som Franchthi-grottan i Argolis och Cyklopens grotta p\u00e5 Gioura, har m\u00e5nga rester av tonfiskben p\u00e5tr\u00e4ffats. Zooarkeologiska fynd fr\u00e5n den senare visar faktiskt p\u00e5 en fascinerande m\u00e5ngfald av fisk ut\u00f6ver tonfisk, som drakhuvudfiskar, havsruda, havsabborre och makrill. Man hittade \u00e4ven fiskekrokar i ben under utgr\u00e4vningarna som daterats \u00e4nda tillbaka till den mesolitiska eran. Trots sitt relativt ringa avtryck inom arkeologin var fisk och skaldjur en stor del av kosth\u00e5llningen f\u00f6r befolkningar som bodde l\u00e4ngs med Greklands kuster. En stor m\u00e4ngd olika fiskar kan identifieras i zooarkeologiskt material fr\u00e5n den neolitiska eran (7:e\u20134:e \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr.) och brons\u00e5ldern (4:e\u20132:a \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr.), samt under de historiska perioder som f\u00f6ljde, med ett stort antal f\u00e5ngster b\u00e5de fr\u00e5n havs- och s\u00f6tvattensmilj\u00f6er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Bild 2.1.a. F\u00e5ngst konserverad i olja, Thessaloniki 2025. Fotografi av S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Antika texter avsl\u00f6jar att fisk vanligtvis konsumerades inom de h\u00f6gre sociala klasserna. Det framg\u00e5r till exempel i den komiske poeten Alexis verk (300\u2013200-talet f.Kr.) som citeras av Athenaios. I en passus p\u00e5pekar han till och med att om n\u00e5gon \u00e4r fattig och k\u00f6per fisk s\u00e5 m\u00e5ste han ha r\u00e5nat n\u00e5gon kv\u00e4llen innan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vissa fiskar var popul\u00e4ra under antiken och f\u00f6rekommer ofta i antika texter. \u00c5l \u00e4r ett s\u00e5dant exempel och omn\u00e4mns s\u00e5 tidigt som i Iliaden. Archestratus (300-talet f.Kr.) prisar all \u00e5l som delikat mat, men s\u00e4rskiljer s\u00e4rskilt den som f\u00e5ngats i Rhegionsundet, vid Messina i s\u00f6dra Italien, samtidigt som han s\u00e4ger att han \u00e4ven gillar \u00e5len fr\u00e5n Kopaissj\u00f6n i Boeotien och den som kommer fr\u00e5n floden Strymon i Makedonien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Bild 2.1.b. Saltad f\u00e5ngst, Thessaloniki 2025. Fotografi av S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div>

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F\u00f6rutom stora fiskar, p\u00e5tr\u00e4ffar vi \u00e4ven en rad olika mindre fiskar \u2013 t.ex. silversidefiskar, sardiner, aphye (en term som avser sm\u00e5 ytn\u00e4ra fiskar) och m\u00e5nga fler. De h\u00e4r sm\u00e5fiskarna, som f\u00f6rekom rikligt i omr\u00e5det Faliro i Attika, verkar ha tillagats snabbt \u00f6ver en mycket varm eld, s\u00e4rskilt aphye. Referenser till sm\u00e5fisk i litteratur fr\u00e5n det antika Grekland blev vanligare fr\u00e5n 400-talet f.Kr. och fram\u00e5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det popul\u00e4raste s\u00e4ttet att bevara fisk under antiken var att salta in den. Det verkar som att saltad fisk \u00e4ven importerades, n\u00e5got som den komiske poeten Alexis (300\u2013200-talet f.Kr.) ber\u00e4ttar om i en passus som bevarats av Athenaios: den h\u00e4r handeln var s\u00e5 betydande att s\u00f6nerna till en import\u00f6r av s\u00e5dan fisk beviljades atenskt medborgarskap. Andra konserveringsmetoder innefattade olika typer av saltning och r\u00f6kning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den stora m\u00e5ngfalden av fisk under antiken, s\u00e4ttet de konsumerades p\u00e5, och till och med m\u00e5nga av deras namn kvarst\u00e5r \u00e4n idag \u2013 tillsammans med den antika traditionen att fisk, och d\u00e5 s\u00e4rskilt stor s\u00e5dan, \u00e4r en dyr delikatess.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliografi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En del av ovanst\u00e5ende information h\u00e4mtades fr\u00e5n f\u00f6ljande dokument:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalby, A.E. W. 1996. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mylona, Dimitra (2007) Fish-eating in Greece from the fifth century BC to the seventh century AD : a story of impoverished fisherman or luxurious fish banquets? University<\/em> of<\/em> Southampton<\/em>, <\/em>Doktorsavhandling<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veropoulidou, Rena 2014. \u038c\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (Aspects of Neolithic and Bronze Age diet and material culture in central Macedonia: the evidence from shell analyses). I volymen E. Stefani, N. Merousis, A. Dimoula (eds), Ett \u00e5rhundrade av forskning om det f\u00f6rhistoriska Makedonien. Protokoll fr\u00e5n internationella konferenser. Thessalonikis arkeologiska museum, 22\u201324 november 2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n

och<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theodoropoulou, T. (2023). Same sea, different catches. Exploring ecological variations vs. Human choices in prehistoric Mediterranean: The Aegean case. PALEO. Revue d’arch\u00e9ologie pr\u00e9historique<\/em>, (Hors-s\u00e9rie), 176-194.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki I det mesolitiska Grekland, l\u00e5ngt innan jordbrukets och…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5288,762],"tags":[1721,5368],"class_list":["post-16840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forntida-smaker","category-istoria-sv","tag-ellada-sv","tag-historiska-kallor"],"yoast_head":"\nFisk och skaldjur \u2013 Fisk 2 - Omv\u00e4nt jordbruk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/sv\/fisk-och-skaldjur-fisk-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" 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