{"id":16562,"date":"2025-12-01T10:22:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T10:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16562"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:35:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:35:08","slug":"ol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/sv\/ol\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6l"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grekland, och den grekiska v\u00e4rlden i allm\u00e4nhet, har sedan antiken haft en n\u00e4ra koppling till ving\u00e5rdar och vin. Enligt arkeobotaniska fynd har druvor och den alkoholhaltiga dryck som framst\u00e4lls av dem odlats p\u00e5 de Egeiska \u00f6arna \u00e4nda sedan det femte \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr. En annan dryck, vars ursprung g\u00e5r tillbaka till f\u00f6rhistorisk tid, \u00e4r \u00f6l som dracks av befolkningar b\u00e5de i Medelhavsomr\u00e5det och i Mellan\u00f6stern, till exempel egyptierna och sumererna. Den utbredda uppfattningen att vin \u00e4r en v\u00e4sentlig del av den grekiska kulturen st\u00f6ds av b\u00e5de arkeologiska fynd och litter\u00e4ra k\u00e4llor. Vin, och vinets gud Dionysos, n\u00e4mns i en k\u00e4lla daterad tillbaka till ungef\u00e4r samma tid som de mykenska Linear B-tavlorna. P\u00e5 motsvarande s\u00e4tt h\u00e4nvisade sumererna ofta till \u00f6l och dess ingredienser, liksom till \u00f6lets och \u00f6lbryggningens gudinna, Ninkasi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0391\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7<\/figure>
\n

Bild 1. Kolsyrad malt fr\u00e5n Argissa, Thessalien, f\u00f6rsta halvan av det andra \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr. Fotografi av Valamoti, S.M. 2023, Plant Foods of Greece: a Culinary Journey to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages.<\/em> University of Alabama Press.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Med tanke p\u00e5 den antika grekiska v\u00e4rldens n\u00e4rhet till befolkningar som hade kunskap om \u00f6lframst\u00e4llning och regelbundet drack drycken, \u00e4r det inte f\u00f6rv\u00e5nande att det finns h\u00e4nvisningar till \u00f6l i antik grekisk litteratur. F\u00f6ljaktligen hade grekerna sina egna termer f\u00f6r \u00f6l, d\u00e4ribland vrytos<\/em> och krithinos oinos<\/em>, d\u00e4r den senare betyder vin framst\u00e4llt p\u00e5 korn. Det finns h\u00e4nvisningar till \u00f6l i det sj\u00e4lvbiografiska historieverket Anabasis<\/em> av den antika historikern Xenofon (400\u2013300 f.Kr.) samt i en passus av Aristoteles (300 f.Kr.), \u00e4ven om v\u00e5r huvudsakliga k\u00e4lla f\u00f6r antika grekiska h\u00e4nvisningar till \u00f6l \u00e4r Athenaios (100\u2013200 f.Kr.) och hans verk Deipnosophistae<\/em>. Den antike lyrikern Arkilokos noterar att thrakierna och frygierna konsumerade \u00f6l, medan referenser till drycken \u00e4ven kan hittas i verser av Aischylos (500\u2013400 f.Kr.) och Sofokles (400 f.Kr.). De grekiska litter\u00e4ra k\u00e4llorna har f\u00f6rknippat \u00f6l med egyptierna, n\u00e5got som kan ses i verken av Hekataios fr\u00e5n Miletos (500\u2013400 f.Kr.), som noterar att de framst\u00e4llde drycken genom att krossa korn, och Herodotos (400 f.Kr.) som beskriver det \u00f6l som egyptierna drack som ett sorts vin framst\u00e4llt p\u00e5 korn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Bild 2. Fuktighetsinducerad groning av kornk\u00e4rnor. F\u00f6r att framst\u00e4lla malt, den grundl\u00e4ggande ingrediensen vid \u00f6lbryggning, l\u00e5ter man kornen gro i cirka sju dagar och bearbetar dem d\u00e4refter termiskt f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rhindra dem fr\u00e5n att gro. Fotografi av S.M. Valamoti, 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\u03a3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Det finns gott om arkeobotaniska bevis f\u00f6r spannm\u00e5lsfr\u00f6n, den grundl\u00e4ggande ingrediensen vid \u00f6lbryggning, i Grekland fr\u00e5n sjunde \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr. och fram\u00e5t. Fram till nyligen fanns det dock inga tecken p\u00e5 att dessa fr\u00f6n anv\u00e4ndes vid \u00f6lframst\u00e4llning, och fokus var starkt riktat mot vin, som det finns rikligt med bevis f\u00f6r i de arkeobotaniska fynden. Detta f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrades 2018 med publiceringen av avg\u00f6rande fynd fr\u00e5n Archontiko i Giannitsa och Argissa i Thessalien: f\u00f6rkolnad malt, det vill s\u00e4ga grodda spannm\u00e5lsfr\u00f6n \u2013 det f\u00f6rsta och viktigaste steget i \u00f6lbryggningsprocessen. Fynden, som dateras till f\u00f6rsta halvan av det andra \u00e5rtusendet f.Kr., tillsammans med de speciella k\u00e4rl och de m\u00e5nga lerkoppar som ocks\u00e5 hittades, utg\u00f6r definitiva bevis p\u00e5 att \u00f6l bryggdes i brons\u00e5lderns Grekland. \u00c4ven om fynd som dessa \u00e4r f\u00e5 och tidsm\u00e4ssigt utspridda avsl\u00f6jar de \u00e4nd\u00e5 att Grekland hade ett betydligt bredare utbud av alkoholhaltiga drycker under sitt f\u00f6rhistoriska f\u00f6rflutna \u00e4n man trott fram till nyligen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktum \u00e4r att det moderna Grekland har en uppsj\u00f6 av olika mikrobryggerier att visa upp, som vart och ett bidrar till landets kulinariska variation med kvalitetsprodukter i en m\u00e4ngd olika smaker och aromer. \u00d6ar som Tinos, Santorini och Evia i Egeiska havet och Korfu i Joniska havet, f\u00f6r att inte tala om regioner p\u00e5 det grekiska fastlandet som Makedonien, Thessalien och Peloponnesos, har alla sitt eget utbud av \u00f6lsorter. \u00c4ven om det har f\u00f6rknippats med andra regioner i Europa och Medelhavet, har \u00f6l trots allt en l\u00e5ng tradition i Grekland, troligen inspirerad under f\u00f6rhistorisk tid av befolkningarna i Levanten.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Grekland, och den grekiska v\u00e4rlden i allm\u00e4nhet, har…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16198,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5288,762],"tags":[1721,5368],"class_list":["post-16562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forntida-smaker","category-istoria-sv","tag-ellada-sv","tag-historiska-kallor"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00d6l - Omv\u00e4nt jordbruk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/sv\/ol\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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