{"id":18655,"date":"2025-10-15T11:00:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T11:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=18655"},"modified":"2026-01-09T12:26:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T12:26:01","slug":"le-vin-des-anciens-origine-couleurs-saveurs-et-aromes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/le-vin-des-anciens-origine-couleurs-saveurs-et-aromes\/","title":{"rendered":"Le vin des Anciens\u00a0: origine, couleurs, saveurs et ar\u00f4mes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Image 1. Marc de raisin foul\u00e9, Dikili\u00a0Tas (Philippes, Kavala), 4300\u00a0av.\u00a0J.-C. Photo de S.M. Valamoti,\u00a02023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La viticulture et la vinification constituent en Gr\u00e8ce une tradition mill\u00e9naire. Le plus ancien vin d\u2019Europe est n\u00e9 dans le nord du pays, dans la plaine de Drama, comme l\u2019attestent les donn\u00e9es arch\u00e9obotaniques du village n\u00e9olithique de Dikili&nbsp;Tas, dat\u00e9es de 4300&nbsp;av.&nbsp;J.-C. Il n\u2019est donc pas surprenant que d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9poque myc\u00e9nienne apparaisse le nom du dieu Dionysos, dieu du vin, de l\u2019extase et du <em>symp\u00f3sion<\/em> (la \u00ab&nbsp;r\u00e9union des buveurs&nbsp;\u00bb). Selon une tradition, le vin est un miracle qui se renouvelle sans cesse lors des c\u00e9l\u00e9brations en l\u2019honneur de Dionysos, comme nous l\u2019apprend Th\u00e9opompe (IV<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.). Selon une autre tradition transmise \u00e9galement par Th\u00e9opompe, le vin noir fut produit pour la premi\u00e8re fois \u00e0 Chios, et c\u2019est \u0152nopion, fils du dieu Dionysos, qui enseigna aux habitants de l\u2019\u00eele comment planter et cultiver la vigne. Ils diffus\u00e8rent ensuite ce savoir dans d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Th\u00e9ophraste (IV<sup>e<\/sup>\u2013III<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.) mentionne des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de vigne class\u00e9es selon la couleur des raisins&nbsp;: blanches, noires et d\u2019une teinte \u00ab&nbsp;couleur de suie&nbsp;\u00bb, ainsi qu\u2019une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 qui, dit-il, portait simultan\u00e9ment des baies blanches et des baies noires. Le vin noir et le vin rouge sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9s au VIII<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C. dans l\u2019Odyss\u00e9e d\u2019Hom\u00e8re. Dans les <em>Deipnosophistes<\/em> d\u2019Ath\u00e9n\u00e9e (II<sup>e<\/sup>\u2013III<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle ap.&nbsp;J.-C.), on trouve trois types de vins class\u00e9s selon leur couleur&nbsp;: noir, blanc et orang\u00e9, de la couleur de la cire. L\u2019Odyss\u00e9e d\u2019Hom\u00e8re mentionne \u00e9galement un vin rouge, sans que l\u2019on sache s\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une autre appellation du vin noir ou d\u2019un vin \u00e0 la teinte plus claire. Chaque type de vin poss\u00e9dait, selon Mn\u00e9sith\u00e9e d\u2019Ath\u00e8nes (IV<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.), sa propre valeur nutritionnelle et ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. De nombreuses r\u00e9gions, la Thrace, la Thessalie, l\u2019Eub\u00e9e, l\u2019\u00c9pidaure, la Mess\u00e9nie, la Cr\u00e8te, Cyth\u00e8re, Amorgos, Milos, sont mentionn\u00e9es dans les textes anciens comme r\u00e9put\u00e9es pour leurs vins, tout comme certaines cit\u00e9s telles qu\u2019Aphytos et Akanthos en Chalcidique. La diversit\u00e9 des vins anciens est saisissante, non seulement selon leur origine ou leur couleur, mais aussi selon leurs ar\u00f4mes et leurs saveurs. Ainsi Hom\u00e8re, dans l\u2019<em>Odyss\u00e9e<\/em>, et X\u00e9nophon (V<sup>e<\/sup>\u2013IV<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.) dans l\u2019<em>Anabase<\/em>, \u00e9voquent un vin agr\u00e9able (<em>h\u0113d\u00fds<\/em>), tandis qu\u2019Hippocrate mentionne un vin doux, et Hom\u00e8re mentionne dans l\u2019<em>Odyss\u00e9e<\/em> un vin doux comme le miel. Il existait aussi un vin qualifi\u00e9 d\u2019\u00ab&nbsp;aust\u00e8re&nbsp;\u00bb, comme le rapportent Hippocrate et X\u00e9nophon, ainsi qu\u2019un vin \u00e0 l\u2019acidit\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e, selon Hippocrate. Hippocrate distingue encore les vins doux au palais et d\u2019autres plus forts (<em>\u03bf\u1f30\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2<\/em> \u2013 terme que l\u2019on peut en effet traduire par \u00ab&nbsp;puissants&nbsp;\u00bb). Au-del\u00e0 de la couleur et du go\u00fbt, on rencontre des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences aux ar\u00f4mes particuliers des vins anciens. Ainsi, dans le <em>Ploutos<\/em> d\u2019Aristophane (V<sup>e<\/sup>\u2013IV<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.) et chez d\u2019autres auteurs, on trouve mention d\u2019un vin <em>anthosm\u00edas<\/em>, un vin au parfum de fleurs. Dans des vers comiques du po\u00e8te Hermippos (V<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.), il est m\u00eame question d\u2019un vin vieux qui exhalait des ar\u00f4mes de violette, de rose et de jacinthe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/483_\u0391\u03c0\u03cc-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2-\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf-\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af-\u03bf\u03b9-\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-terroir_\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-1-1-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/483_\u0391\u03c0\u03cc-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2-\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf-\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af-\u03bf\u03b9-\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-terroir_\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-1-1-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/483_\u0391\u03c0\u03cc-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2-\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf-\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af-\u03bf\u03b9-\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-terroir_\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-1-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/483_\u0391\u03c0\u03cc-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2-\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf-\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af-\u03bf\u03b9-\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-terroir_\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-1-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/483_\u0391\u03c0\u03cc-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2-\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf-\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af-\u03bf\u03b9-\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-terroir_\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-1-1-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/483_\u0391\u03c0\u03cc-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2-\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf-\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af-\u03bf\u03b9-\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-terroir_\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-1-1-2048x1151.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/483_\u0391\u03c0\u03cc-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2-\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf-\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af-\u03bf\u03b9-\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-terroir_\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-1-1-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Image 2. Grappe de raisins, Corfou, juillet\u00a02021. Photo\u00a0: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image 1. Marc de raisin foul\u00e9, Dikili\u00a0Tas (Philippes, Kavala), 4300\u00a0av.\u00a0J.-C. Photo de S.M. Valamoti,\u00a02023. Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15155,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-18655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le vin des Anciens\u00a0: origine, couleurs, saveurs et ar\u00f4mes - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/le-vin-des-anciens-origine-couleurs-saveurs-et-aromes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le vin des Anciens\u00a0: origine, couleurs, saveurs et ar\u00f4mes - Agriculture invers\u00e9e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image 1. 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