{"id":18583,"date":"2025-10-15T10:53:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=18583"},"modified":"2026-01-08T13:35:23","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T13:35:23","slug":"la-capre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/la-capre\/","title":{"rendered":"La c\u00e2pre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La c\u00e2pre est une belle plante spontan\u00e9e que l\u2019on peut rencontrer aussi bien dans les r\u00e9gions c\u00f4ti\u00e8res qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des terres, dans presque tous les pays m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens. Elle pousse sur des terrains en friche ainsi que dans les fissures, les b\u00e2timents \u00e9boul\u00e9s et les vieux murs. Son bouton floral, tout comme son fruit, constitue un mets que l\u2019on conserve dans la saumure et le vinaigre, dot\u00e9 d\u2019un go\u00fbt marqu\u00e9 et caract\u00e9ristique. Des graines de c\u00e2prier ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es sur des sites arch\u00e9ologiques en Gr\u00e8ce, comme \u00e0 Makri, dans la r\u00e9gion de l\u2019Evros, mais il s\u2019agit de trouvailles sporadiques et non de concentrations importantes. Cela n\u2019a rien d\u2019\u00e9tonnant, car les parties comestibles de la plante \u2013 boutons, fruits, feuilles \u2013 se conservent tr\u00e8s difficilement dans les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts arch\u00e9ologiques. Nos connaissances sur l\u2019utilisation de cette plante dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 grecque proviennent en grande partie des nombreuses r\u00e9f\u00e9rences que l\u2019on trouve dans les textes anciens. La mention la plus ancienne appara\u00eet au Ve<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. chez Hippocrate, qui cite \u00e0 la fois l\u2019\u00e9corce de la racine et le fruit dans des pr\u00e9parations m\u00e9dicinales, associ\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u2019autres ingr\u00e9dients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Dans le Corpus hippocratique, la c\u00e2pre figure dans diverses recettes. Le fruit, par exemple, m\u00e9lang\u00e9 \u00e0 du miel, du vinaigre, du poivre, du nitre et de l\u2019eau, est recommand\u00e9 comme boisson ti\u00e8de expectorante (Des maladies<\/em>). Les feuilles fra\u00eeches pil\u00e9es, ou l\u2019\u00e9corce de la racine, m\u00e9lang\u00e9es \u00e0 du vin rouge fonc\u00e9, sont propos\u00e9es en cataplasmes (Des fistules<\/em>). Dans le trait\u00e9 pseudo-hippocratique Des diff\u00e9rences des aliments, \u00e0 Ptol\u00e9m\u00e9e<\/em>, la c\u00e2pre est d\u00e9crite comme apaisante pour l\u2019estomac et bonne pour la digestion (eustomachos<\/em>), ainsi que comme un aliment qui \u00ab nettoie \u00bb le foie et la rate. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s th\u00e9rapeutiques de la c\u00e2pre sont \u00e9galement \u00e9voqu\u00e9es par Dioscoride (Ier<\/sup> si\u00e8cle ap. J.-C.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9ophraste (IVe<\/sup>\u2013IIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.)  classe la c\u00e2pre parmi les plantes herbac\u00e9es et souligne qu\u2019elle ne \u00ab se pr\u00eate pas \u00e0 la culture<\/em> \u00bb, en faisant en quelque sorte une plante v\u00e9ritablement sauvage (dans Histoire des plantes<\/em> et Des causes des plantes<\/em>), une remarque que l\u2019on retrouve aussi dans l\u2019\u0153uvre pseudo-aristot\u00e9licienne Probl\u00e8mes<\/em>, datant de la fin de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9. Les textes anciens nous offrent ainsi une image vivante de l\u2019interaction r\u00e9ciproque entre l\u2019homme et la nature, un processus dans lequel, parfois, certaines plantes spontan\u00e9es ne r\u00e9pondent pas au d\u00e9sir humain de les cultiver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quant \u00e0 la saveur de la c\u00e2pre, Th\u00e9ophraste la qualifie d\u2019incisive (Des causes des plantes<\/em>), autrement dit dot\u00e9e d\u2019un go\u00fbt tr\u00e8s prononc\u00e9 et caract\u00e9ristique. D\u2019apr\u00e8s les auteurs grecs de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, la c\u00e2pre \u00e9tait un mets tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 et courant ; on la retrouve ainsi dans des \u0153uvres de po\u00e8tes comiques, dans des listes d\u2019aliments, par exemple dans des fragments d\u2019Alexis (IVe<\/sup>\u2013IIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), d\u2019Antiphane (IVe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) et de Phil\u00e9mon (IVe<\/sup>\u2013IIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u2019ail, d\u2019oignons et de fromage, ou encore associ\u00e9e \u00e0 du vinaigre, de l\u2019origan, du cumin, des olives, des asperges, du poisson, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avec cette m\u00eame fonction aujourd\u2019hui \u2013 celle d\u2019un condiment qui accompagne le tsipouro ou l\u2019ouzo, ou qui s\u2019accorde avec la fava cuisin\u00e9e \u2013 la c\u00e2pre continue de transformer des ingr\u00e9dients simples en plats exquis gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son piquant caract\u00e9ristique, qu\u2019elle soit mijot\u00e9e avec de la tomate dans la fava pantremeni<\/em> des \u00eeles de la mer \u00c9g\u00e9e, ou simplement servie avec un peu d\u2019oignon frais \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la fava. Mets imm\u00e9morial de la terre grecque, aux racines pr\u00e9historiques, la c\u00e2pre, indocile en tant que plante sauvage et intense en go\u00fbt, est pr\u00e9sente depuis des si\u00e8cles dans les cuisines de l\u2019\u00c9g\u00e9e et de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki La c\u00e2pre est une belle plante spontan\u00e9e que…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15194,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-18583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"\nLa c\u00e2pre - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/la-capre\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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