{"id":18444,"date":"2025-10-15T10:47:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:47:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=18444"},"modified":"2026-01-08T12:53:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T12:53:09","slug":"poires-sauvages-gortza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/poires-sauvages-gortza\/","title":{"rendered":"Poires sauvages (gortza)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Image&nbsp;1. Poires sauvages enti\u00e8res carbonis\u00e9es provenant du village n\u00e9olithique de Dikili&nbsp;Tas, 4300&nbsp;av.&nbsp;J.-C. Extrait de S.M.&nbsp;Valamoti&nbsp;2023, Plant Foods of Greece, University of Alabama Press Photo&nbsp;: S. M. Valamoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les poiriers sauvages, ou <em>gortzies<\/em> comme on les appelle dans la campagne grecque, se rencontrent encore aujourd\u2019hui dans les paysages de la Gr\u00e8ce moderne&nbsp;: dans des clairi\u00e8res, en petits bosquets, ou au milieu des champs, o\u00f9 ils offrent leur belle ombre en \u00e9t\u00e9 et leurs petits fruits tr\u00e8s parfum\u00e9s au mois de novembre. Les fruits du poirier sauvage ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s sur plusieurs sites pr\u00e9historiques en Gr\u00e8ce, la d\u00e9couverte la plus impressionnante provenant d\u2019un village n\u00e9olithique, Dikili&nbsp;Tas, pr\u00e8s des du site antique de Philippes, dans la r\u00e9gion de Kavala. Dans une maison d\u00e9truite par un incendie vers 4300 av.&nbsp;J.-C., a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert un grand r\u00e9cipient rempli de poires sauvages enti\u00e8res, stock\u00e9es l\u00e0 par les habitants n\u00e9olithiques avant que le feu ne ravage la maison, ce qui a permis de les pr\u00e9server jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nos jours dans le sol du village.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-1-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18445 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Gortzia en-dehors du village de Palaiokastro en Chalcidique, novembre\u00a02024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Photo\u00a0: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 grecque, le poirier sauvage est connu d\u00e8s Hom\u00e8re (VIII<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.) qui, dans l\u2019Odyss\u00e9e, l\u2019appelle <em>acherdos<\/em>. On le rencontre aussi sous le mot <em>achras<\/em>. Th\u00e9ophraste, dans <em>Histoire des plantes<\/em>, au IV<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C., d\u00e9crit les caract\u00e9ristiques de l\u2019arbre et distingue les poiriers sauvages des plaines de ceux des r\u00e9gions montagneuses, les premiers donnant de meilleurs fruits et un meilleur bois. Sophocle (V<em>e<\/em> si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.) le mentionne comme un arbre impressionnant, couvert d\u2019\u00e9pines, marqueur de lieu, dans <em>\u0152dipe \u00e0 Colone<\/em>. Dans l\u2019<em>Odyss\u00e9e<\/em>, Hom\u00e8re mentionne encore les rameaux \u00e9pineux du poirier sauvage comme mat\u00e9riau principal pour la construction de la cl\u00f4ture de la porcherie d\u2019Eum\u00e9e, tandis que Th\u00e9ocrite, au IV<em>e<\/em> si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C., cite son bois comme \u00e9tant appropri\u00e9 pour le feu. Le fruit du poirier sauvage est mentionn\u00e9 par Aristophane (V<sup>e<\/sup>\u2013IV<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.) dans <em>L\u2019Assembl\u00e9e des femmes<\/em>, dans un jeu de mots reliant la constipation \u00e0 la consommation de poires sauvages. Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences aux poires sauvages apr\u00e8s Hom\u00e8re sont fr\u00e9quentes, surtout dans la po\u00e9sie comique. Ainsi, outre Aristophane, une description \u00e9loquente appara\u00eet dans <em>Le Dyscolos<\/em> de M\u00e9nandre, o\u00f9 le vieux protagoniste, n\u2019ayant plus de pierres \u00e0 lancer avec sa fronde, utilise des poires sauvages \u00e0 la place \u2014 preuve de la duret\u00e9 de ces fruits. Les poires sauvages m\u00fbrissaient en automne ou en plein hiver et \u00e9taient, selon Th\u00e9ophraste, plus parfum\u00e9es que les poires cultiv\u00e9es. Elles \u00e9taient vendues par des <em>achradopoles<\/em> (\u00ab&nbsp;vendeurs de poires sauvages&nbsp;\u00bb), comme le montre un fragment du po\u00e8te comique Nicophon (V<sup>e<\/sup>\u2013IV<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.), et on trouve \u00e9galement des descriptions de leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s selon leur mode de consommation&nbsp;: les poires hivernales bien m\u00fbres facilitaient le transit intestinal, tandis que les poires crues \u00e9taient astringentes, comme nous l\u2019apprennent le Corpus hippocratique, et plus particuli\u00e8rement dans l\u2019ouvrage <em>R\u00e9gime<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Gortza cueillie sur un poirier sauvage en-dehors du village de Palaiokastro en Chalcidique, novembre\u00a02024. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Photo\u00a0: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-1-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18453 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-1-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, il est difficile de trouver des <em>gortza<\/em> sur les march\u00e9s, mais dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions de Gr\u00e8ce, elles sont encore connues, et certaines personnes continuent de les identifier, de les cueillir et de les utiliser. Dans la r\u00e9gion de Grevena, est consign\u00e9e la pr\u00e9paration de <em>petimezi<\/em> \u00e0 partir de poires sauvages, une recette que l\u2019on esp\u00e8re ne pas voir dispara\u00eetre avec les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations qui ont grandi en connaissant les usages traditionnels du fruit du poirier spontan\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Image&nbsp;1. Poires sauvages enti\u00e8res carbonis\u00e9es provenant du village n\u00e9olithique de Dikili&nbsp;Tas, 4300&nbsp;av.&nbsp;J.-C. Extrait de S.M.&nbsp;Valamoti&nbsp;2023, Plant Foods of Greece, University&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15181,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-18444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Poires sauvages (gortza) - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/poires-sauvages-gortza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Poires sauvages (gortza) - Agriculture invers\u00e9e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image&nbsp;1. 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