{"id":16837,"date":"2025-12-08T10:16:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T10:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16837"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:18:22","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:18:22","slug":"fruits-de-mer-les-poissons-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/fruits-de-mer-les-poissons-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Fruits de mer \u2013 Les poissons 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e8s la p\u00e9riode m\u00e9solithique en Gr\u00e8ce, bien avant l\u2019apparition de l\u2019agriculture et de l\u2019\u00e9levage qui ont transform\u00e9 les modes d\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire, la mer semble avoir fourni une richesse impressionnante en ressources comestibles : les poissons et les mollusques. Sur des sites arch\u00e9ologiques tels que la grotte de Franchthi en Argolide et la grotte du Cyclope \u00e0 Gioura (Alonissos), de nombreux restes osseux de thon ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au jour. Dans la grotte du Cyclope, hormis le thon, les vestiges arch\u00e9ozoologiques attestent la p\u00eache d\u2019une grande diversit\u00e9 de poissons : rascasses, daurades, bars, maquereaux, etc. Les fouilles y ont \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 un grand nombre d\u2019hame\u00e7ons en os datant de la p\u00e9riode m\u00e9solithique. Bien que moins visibles dans les archives arch\u00e9ologiques, les ressources marines jouaient un r\u00f4le important dans l\u2019alimentation des r\u00e9gions littorales. Une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de poissons est identifi\u00e9e dans le mat\u00e9riel arch\u00e9ozoologique du N\u00e9olithique (VIIe<\/sup>\u2013IVe<\/sup> mill\u00e9naire av. J.-C.) et de l\u2019\u00e2ge du Bronze (IVe<\/sup>\u2013IIe<\/sup> mill\u00e9naire av. J.-C.), mais aussi aux \u00e9poques historiques qui suivent, avec des esp\u00e8ces provenant tant de la mer que des eaux douces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Image 2.1.a. Produits de la p\u00eache conserv\u00e9s dans l\u2019huile, Thessalonique 2025. Photo : S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les textes anciens montrent que le poisson s\u2019adressait principalement aux classes sociales ais\u00e9es. On en trouve par exemple des t\u00e9moignages dans les \u0153uvres du po\u00e8te comique Alexis (IVe<\/sup>\u2013IIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), cit\u00e9 par Ath\u00e9n\u00e9e. Dans l\u2019un de ses passages, il affirme que si un pauvre ach\u00e8te du poisson, c\u2019est qu\u2019il a sans doute vol\u00e9 quelqu\u2019un durant la nuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains poissons \u00e9taient particuli\u00e8rement c\u00e9l\u00e8bres dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 et apparaissent souvent dans les textes grecs anciens. C\u2019est le cas des anguilles, d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9es par Hom\u00e8re dans l\u2019Iliade. Archestrate (IVe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) loue toutes les anguilles comme mets exquis, mais distingue celles p\u00each\u00e9es dans le d\u00e9troit de Rh\u00e9gion, \u00e0 Mess\u00e9ne en Italie du Sud. Il appr\u00e9cie \u00e9galement les anguilles du lac Copa\u00efs en B\u00e9otie et celles du fleuve Strymon en Mac\u00e9doine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Image 2.1.b. Produits de la p\u00eache conserv\u00e9s dans le sel, Thessalonique 2025. Photo : S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hormis les grands poissons, on rencontre une vaste gamme de petits poissons : ather\u03afni<\/em>, sard\u03afni<\/em>, \u00e1fyi<\/em> (terme d\u00e9signant de petits poissons de surface), et bien d\u2019autres. Ces petits poissons, abondants dans la r\u00e9gion de Phal\u00e8re en Attique, \u00e9taient semble-t-il grill\u00e9s tr\u00e8s bri\u00e8vement sur feu vif, notamment les \u00e1fyi<\/em>. Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences aux petits poissons sont nombreuses dans la litt\u00e9rature grecque \u00e0 partir du Ve<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le salage constituait un moyen courant de conservation du poisson. On sait m\u00eame qu\u2019il existait des importations de poissons sal\u00e9s, comme l\u2019indique Alexis, po\u00e8te du IVe<\/sup>\u2013IIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., cit\u00e9 par Ath\u00e9n\u00e9e : cette activit\u00e9 \u00e9tait si importante que les fils d\u2019un importateur de poissons sal\u00e9s re\u00e7urent le privil\u00e8ge de devenir citoyens ath\u00e9niens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La diversit\u00e9 des prises dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, leurs modes de consommation, ainsi que de nombreux noms de poissons sont toujours vivants aujourd\u2019hui et, tout comme dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, les gros poissons demeurent des mets co\u00fbteux, souvent r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux grandes occasions !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliographie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une partie des informations ci-dessus est tir\u00e9e des ouvrages suivants :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalby, A.E. W. 1996. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mylona, Dimitra (2007) Fish-eating in Greece from the fifth century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. : a story of impoverished fisherman or luxurious fish banquets? University<\/em> of<\/em> Southampton<\/em>, <\/em>Doctoral<\/em> Thesis<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veropoulidou Rena, 2014. \u038c\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (Aspects of Neolithic and Bronze Age diet and material culture in central Macedonia: the evidence from shell analyses). Tome V. Stefani, N. Merousis, A. Dimoula (\u00e9d.), A century of research in prehistoric Macedonia. International Conference Proceedings. Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, 22-24 November 2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theodoropoulou, T. (2023). Same sea, different catches. Exploring ecological variations vs. Human choices in prehistoric Mediterranean: The Aegean case. PALEO. Revue d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie pr\u00e9historique<\/em>, (Hors-s\u00e9rie), 176-194.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki D\u00e8s la p\u00e9riode m\u00e9solithique en Gr\u00e8ce, bien avant…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16814,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-16837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"\nFruits de mer \u2013 Les poissons 2 - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/fruits-de-mer-les-poissons-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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