{"id":16590,"date":"2025-12-01T10:41:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T10:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16590"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:20:21","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:20:21","slug":"lamandier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/lamandier\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019amandier"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019amandier fait partie de la flore spontan\u00e9e de la Gr\u00e8ce depuis des mill\u00e9naires. C\u2019est l\u2019un des premiers arbres fruitiers \u00e0 fleurir, annon\u00e7ant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du printemps. Des vestiges arch\u00e9obotaniques d\u2019amandiers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts sur des sites arch\u00e9ologiques datant du N\u00e9olithique et de l\u2019\u00e2ge du bronze, tels que Franchthi en Argolide, Knossos et Chryssi en Cr\u00e8te. Il s\u2019agit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de coques d\u2019amandes carbonis\u00e9es. Il est probable que les habitants pr\u00e9historiques de la Gr\u00e8ce r\u00e9coltaient les fruits de l\u2019amandier, bien qu\u2019il ne soit pas possible de d\u00e9terminer s\u2019il s\u2019agissait d\u2019amandes am\u00e8res ou de fruits issus d\u2019amandiers cultiv\u00e9s. Selon Th\u00e9ophraste, dans son \u0153uvre Des causes des plantes<\/em> (IVe<\/sup>\u2013IIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), l\u2019amandier vit de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, et ce sont m\u00eame les arbres les plus \u00e2g\u00e9s qui sont les plus productifs. Dans ce m\u00eame ouvrage, Th\u00e9ophraste indique que l\u2019amandier prosp\u00e8re \u00e9galement sur des sols arides, tout en soulignant que la r\u00e9colte d\u2019amandes est plus abondante et de meilleure qualit\u00e9 lorsque le sol est fertile. Dans un fragment attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 Aristote (IVe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), on lit en outre que le fait de fertiliser l\u2019amandier avec du fumier, notamment du fumier de porc, au mois de mars rendait les amandes plus grosses, plus douces et plus tendres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image 1. Amandes avec leur coque et leur enveloppe. Mikri Mantineia, Mess\u00e9nie, ao\u00fbt 2016. Photo : S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Des mentions de l\u2019amandier et des amandes apparaissent dans les \u00e9crits des auteurs grecs anciens. Bien que peu nombreuses, ces r\u00e9f\u00e9rences permettent d\u2019en apprendre plus sur certains de leurs usages dans l\u2019alimentation antique. Les amandes figurent dans des listes d\u2019aliments que l\u2019on rencontre dans la com\u00e9die antique, par exemple dans un fragment de Ph\u00e9r\u00e9crate (Ve<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) et d\u2019Alexis (IVe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), ce qui indique qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait d\u2019un produit alimentaire courant dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9. D\u2019apr\u00e8s deux fragments des po\u00e8tes comiques Eupolis et Phrynichos (Ve<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), les amandes de Naxos jouissaient d\u2019une grande r\u00e9putation. Il y avait toutefois aussi des importations d\u2019amandes en provenance d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions, comme le montre un fragment du po\u00e8te comique Hermippe (Ve<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), qui mentionne l\u2019importation d\u2019amandes de Paphlagonie, r\u00e9gion d\u2019Asie Mineure situ\u00e9e sur la c\u00f4te sud de la mer Noire et \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des terres. La consommation d\u2019amandes accompagn\u00e9es de miel semble avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 fr\u00e9quente, notamment comme en-cas servi avec le vin, comme on peut le constater dans un fragment d\u2019un po\u00e8te comique du IVe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., Antiphane. L\u2019ing\u00e9nieur Philon (IIIe<\/sup>\u2013IIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), dans son ouvrage Les Poliorc\u00e9tiques<\/em>, donne la recette d\u2019une pr\u00e9paration fortifiante compos\u00e9e, entre autres ingr\u00e9dients, de miel, de s\u00e9same et d\u2019amandes. Une seule bouch\u00e9e de cette mixture suffisait \u00e0 nourrir suffisamment les soldats \u2014 solution efficace en p\u00e9riode de p\u00e9nurie alimentaire \u2014 une sorte d\u2019anc\u00eatre de nos barres \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques actuelles, pourrait-on dire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Image 2. Douceurs associant de diverses mani\u00e8res amandes, s\u00e9same et miel, achet\u00e9es \u00e0 Kalamata et produites en Mess\u00e9nie, ao\u00fbt 2021. Photo : S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les amandes, tout comme dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, restent aujourd\u2019hui un ingr\u00e9dient essentiel de nombreux desserts que l\u2019on trouve dans diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions de Gr\u00e8ce : elles peuvent \u00eatre moulues et incorpor\u00e9es \u00e0 des g\u00e2teaux, utilis\u00e9es dans des p\u00e2tisseries \u00e0 base de p\u00e2te filo et de sirop, ou encore dans les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres amygdalota<\/em> que l\u2019on rencontre sur les \u00eeles de la mer Ionienne et de la mer \u00c9g\u00e9e, ainsi que dans plusieurs r\u00e9gions c\u00f4ti\u00e8res de Gr\u00e8ce continentale. Une boisson \u00e0 base d\u2019amandes moulues, de sucre et d\u2019eau, la soumada<\/em>, est r\u00e9pandue dans plusieurs r\u00e9gions insulaires de Gr\u00e8ce ainsi que dans d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes. L\u2019association des amandes et du miel, d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9e dans les textes anciens, continue d\u2019\u00eatre pr\u00e9par\u00e9e et commercialis\u00e9e dans de nombreuses boutiques de produits locaux ainsi que dans les supermarch\u00e9s, sous forme de barres similaires au pasteli<\/em>. Dans les \u00eeles Ioniennes, ces douceurs se pr\u00e9sentent souvent sous la forme d\u2019amandes enti\u00e8res enrob\u00e9es de sucre, connues sous leur nom italien, mandoles<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki L\u2019amandier fait partie de la flore spontan\u00e9e de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-16590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019amandier - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/lamandier\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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