{"id":16543,"date":"2025-12-01T10:09:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T10:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16543"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:22:27","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:22:27","slug":"biscuits-au-vin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/biscuits-au-vin\/","title":{"rendered":"Biscuits au vin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le bl\u00e9 et le vin constituent, depuis la pr\u00e9histoire, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments embl\u00e9matiques de l\u2019alimentation en Gr\u00e8ce. Les restes v\u00e9g\u00e9taux carbonis\u00e9s d\u00e9couverts sur des sites arch\u00e9ologiques pr\u00e9historiques montrent qu\u2019\u00e0 partir du VII<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;mill\u00e9naire av.&nbsp;J.-C., une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales y \u00e9tait cultiv\u00e9e. Des esp\u00e8ces de bl\u00e9 telles que l\u2019engrain, l\u2019amidonnier, le bl\u00e9 zanduri, ainsi que le bl\u00e9 tendre ou dur, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l\u2019orge, formaient la base de l\u2019alimentation pendant des mill\u00e9naires. Parall\u00e8lement aux c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, le raisin \u00e9tait un fruit r\u00e9colt\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement sur des vignes, d\u2019abord sauvages, puis, au fil du temps, cultiv\u00e9es. Les m\u00eames donn\u00e9es arch\u00e9ologiques indiquent qu\u2019\u00e0 partir du V<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;mill\u00e9naire av.&nbsp;J.-C., les terres du nord de la Gr\u00e8ce produisaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 suffisamment de raisins pour \u00e9laborer du vin rouge, comme en t\u00e9moignent les nombreux p\u00e9pins et marcs de raisin d\u00e9couverts dans une maison n\u00e9olithique, br\u00fbl\u00e9e dans un incendie, vers 4300&nbsp;av.&nbsp;J.-C. La place centrale du bl\u00e9 et du vin se maintient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge du bronze&nbsp;: ces produits figurent parmi les denr\u00e9es essentielles, occupant une position centrale dans les archives \u00e9conomiques des palais myc\u00e9niens, o\u00f9 ils sont mentionn\u00e9s sur les tablettes en lin\u00e9aire&nbsp;B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16535 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Image 1. Des ingr\u00e9dients simples pour des plats savoureux&nbsp;: farine d\u2019engrain, <em>petimezi<\/em> (sirop de raisin), eau de cendre et huile d\u2019olive. Photo&nbsp;: S.M. Valamoti, r\u00e9gion montagneuse de Chalcidique, 2011.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque historique, les auteurs grecs anciens mentionnent abondamment les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et la grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de pr\u00e9parations qui en d\u00e9rivaient, ainsi que les produits issus du raisin, comme le vin, le vinaigre et le <em>petimezi<\/em> (sirop de raisin). Le vin et les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales apparaissent d\u00e9j\u00e0 ensemble, d\u00e8s le VIII<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C., dans l\u2019Iliade d\u2019Hom\u00e8re, comme des aliments procurant force et courage. On retrouve \u00e0 nouveau ces deux ingr\u00e9dients de base de l\u2019alimentation dans un fragment d\u2019Archiloque (VII<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle av.&nbsp;J.-C.), o\u00f9 le pain et le vin accompagnent le guerrier au combat. Parmi la multitude de pr\u00e9parations \u00e0 base de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et de raisin mentionn\u00e9es dans la riche litt\u00e9rature grecque antique, l\u2019une des plus int\u00e9ressantes est un m\u00e9lange de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et de vin connu sous le nom d\u2019<em>oinoutta<\/em>. Ce mets est cit\u00e9 dans le <em>Ploutos<\/em> d\u2019Aristophane (V<sup>e<\/sup>\u2013IV<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) et interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une p\u00e2tisserie sucr\u00e9e \u00e0 base de farine, de vin et d\u2019huile. Bien plus tard, dans les <em>Deipnosophistes<\/em> d\u2019Ath\u00e9n\u00e9e (II<sup>e<\/sup>\u2013III<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle ap.&nbsp;J.-C.), on trouve une pr\u00e9paration similaire dans une douceur cr\u00e9toise appel\u00e9e <em>glyk\u00ednas<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00eame si nous ne disposons pas de d\u00e9tails pr\u00e9cis sur sa m\u00e9thode de pr\u00e9paration, cette association \u00e9voque les biscuits ou g\u00e2teaux traditionnels o\u00f9 la farine se m\u00eale au vin, comme les <em>methysmena koulour\u00e1kia<\/em> (biscuits \u00ab&nbsp;enivr\u00e9s&nbsp;\u00bb) ou les <em>koulour\u00e1kia me kras\u00ed<\/em> (biscuits au vin) que l\u2019on trouve encore aujourd\u2019hui dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions de Gr\u00e8ce, aussi bien continentales qu\u2019insulaires. De nos jours, le go\u00fbt sucr\u00e9 provient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement du sucre, mais on peut imaginer que, dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, ces pr\u00e9parations \u00e9taient \u00e9dulcor\u00e9es avec du mo\u00fbt ou du miel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Le bl\u00e9 et le vin constituent, depuis la&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16535,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-16543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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