{"id":15461,"date":"2025-07-09T08:01:27","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T08:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=15461"},"modified":"2026-01-07T10:37:23","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:37:23","slug":"les-glands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/les-glands\/","title":{"rendered":"Les glands"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong><\/em>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis dix mill\u00e9naires, le ch\u00eane fait partie de la flore de la Gr\u00e8ce, avec un grand nombre d\u2019esp\u00e8ces, comme le r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les diagrammes polliniques. Le fruit du ch\u00eane est comestible, et les d\u00e9couvertes arch\u00e9ologiques montrent que les agriculteurs du N\u00e9olithique et de l\u2019\u00c2ge du bronze ramassaient des glands et les stockaient dans leurs \u00e9tablissements, surtout en Gr\u00e8ce du Nord. Il existe de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces de ch\u00eanes, mais toutes ne donnent pas des glands doux, ceux qui, dans le pass\u00e9, \u00e9taient les plus recherch\u00e9s par l\u2019homme. Cependant, m\u00eame les glands amers peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9barrass\u00e9s de leurs tanins, d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ables au go\u00fbt, au moyen d\u2019un traitement appropri\u00e9. D\u2019ailleurs, si l\u2019on se transporte en Californie, on constate que les glands constituaient un ingr\u00e9dient alimentaire de base pour certaines populations qui y habitaient. Dans la Gr\u00e8ce antique, les glands, bien qu\u2019ils proviennent d\u2019un arbre spontan\u00e9, \u00e9taient connus comme aliment. Dans les textes o\u00f9 il est question des ch\u00eanes, en m\u00eame temps que d\u2019autres arbres de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation spontan\u00e9e, on distingue le ch\u00eane sauvage du ch\u00eane domestiqu\u00e9; ainsi, dans l\u2019ouvrage de Th\u00e9ophraste (Recherches sur les plantes<\/em>, IVe-IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), cette distinction est faite principalement en fonction de la douceur des glands du ch\u00eane domestiqu\u00e9. Dans le m\u00eame ouvrage, on trouve \u00e9galement mention de ch\u00eanes domestiqu\u00e9s qui donnaient des glands amers, ainsi que de l\u2019existence de diverses esp\u00e8ces de ch\u00eanes diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es selon la taille, la forme et la couleur de leurs glands.

Cela montre qu\u2019en Gr\u00e8ce antique, on connaissait une esp\u00e8ce de ch\u00eane qualifi\u00e9e de domestiqu\u00e9e et produisant des glands doux, ce qui indique que leur go\u00fbt \u00e9tait familier et que ses fruits \u00e9taient consomm\u00e9s. Les glands, bien que rarement, figurent dans des listes d\u2019aliments, comme on le constate dans un fragment d\u2019Alexis (IVe-IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), o\u00f9 les glands sont mentionn\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de diverses l\u00e9gumineuses, de bulbes, de figues s\u00e8ches, etc. Dans La R\u00e9publique de Platon (Ve-IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), les glands apparaissent comme amuse-gueules accompagnant le vin, avec d\u2019autres mets; il semble d\u2019ailleurs qu\u2019on les faisait griller dans la cendre avant de les consommer, en buvant \u00e0 petites gorg\u00e9es. Les textes hippocratiques mentionnent les qualit\u00e9s gustatives des glands, qualifi\u00e9s de \u00ab astringents \u00bb, moins lorsqu\u2019ils sont grill\u00e9s ; ailleurs, on trouve l\u2019information que les glands, en vieillissant, deviennent plus amers. Th\u00e9ophraste \u00e9voque lui aussi l\u2019amertume des glands dans son ouvrage Causes des plantes<\/em>. Dans les Argonautiques d\u2019Apollonios de Rhodes (IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), les glands sont d\u00e9crits comme la nourriture des Arcadiens aux temps tr\u00e8s anciens, avant m\u00eame la naissance de la lune. On les rencontre \u00e9galement dans les textes antiques comme aliment pour les porcs ; c\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs l\u2019un des fruits que Circ\u00e9 donna aux compagnons d\u2019Ulysse apr\u00e8s les avoir transform\u00e9s en porcs (Odyss\u00e9e d\u2019Hom\u00e8re, VIIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.).

Aujourd\u2019hui, si l\u2019on pose la question en milieu rural, on obtiendra la r\u00e9ponse que les glands n\u2019\u00e9taient consomm\u00e9s que par n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 dans un pass\u00e9 r\u00e9cent. On les retrouve comme ingr\u00e9dient d\u2019une recette de pain en Cr\u00e8te. Ils ne font pas partie de la cuisine grecque traditionnelle actuelle. Cependant, ce fruit comestible tr\u00e8s ancien constitue l\u2019ingr\u00e9dient principal d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de produits fabriqu\u00e9s sur l\u2019\u00eele de K\u00e9a. L\u00e0, s\u2019inspirant de la Californie o\u00f9 le gland a nourri, sur des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, les premiers peuples du continent am\u00e9ricain, on r\u00e9colte les glands de l\u2019\u00eele qui, apr\u00e8s une longue et complexe op\u00e9ration de d\u00e9sam\u00e9risation, sont transform\u00e9s en farine comestible et en savoureux petits biscuits : une recette \u00ab fusion \u00bb o\u00f9 une pratique du Nouveau Monde rencontre les recettes imm\u00e9moriales des Arcadiens et des habitants n\u00e9olithiques de la Gr\u00e8ce du Nord.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Depuis dix mill\u00e9naires, le ch\u00eane fait partie de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12362,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-15461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"\nLes glands - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/les-glands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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