{"id":15418,"date":"2025-07-09T07:53:27","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T07:53:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=15418"},"modified":"2026-01-07T10:32:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:32:00","slug":"les-figues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/les-figues\/","title":{"rendered":"Les figues"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em><strong><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sous diff\u00e9rentes formes de douceurs, les figues constituent depuis la pr\u00e9histoire un aliment ancestral des habitants de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. En Gr\u00e8ce, des restes de figues ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s dans des villages n\u00e9olithiques (VIIe-IVe mill\u00e9naire av. J.-C.), soit sous la forme de fragments de fruits, soit sous la forme de fruits entiers qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9colt\u00e9s et stock\u00e9s pour une utilisation ult\u00e9rieure. Ainsi, sur le site de Vassilika \u00e0 Kyparissi, un village n\u00e9olithique du milieu du Ve mill\u00e9naire av. J.-C., des dizaines de figues enti\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvertes dans une fosse. Plus tard, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c2ge du bronze, les figues continuent de jouer un r\u00f4le important: les tablettes en lin\u00e9aire&nbsp;B mentionnent notamment des vergers de figuiers et de vignes. Il semble que les figues aient constitu\u00e9 des rations distribu\u00e9es par les palais myc\u00e9niens aux ouvri\u00e8res et ouvriers. Dans le m\u00eame temps, on constate que les figues \u00e9taient offertes dans le cadre de repas collectifs mais aussi dans des rituels religieux. On trouve sur les tablettes des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e0 de tr\u00e8s grandes quantit\u00e9s de figues, ce qui indique une culture et une production syst\u00e9matiques. Il est m\u00eame consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme probable que les figues aient \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es comme agent sucrant pour le vin pr\u00e9historique.<br><br>Hom\u00e8re, dans l\u2019Odyss\u00e9e (VIIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), mentionne les figuiers cultiv\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u2019oliviers, de grenadiers, de pommiers et de vignes, dans les vergers du roi Alcinoos et dans ceux du p\u00e8re d\u2019Ulysse, La\u00ebrte. Ulysse, enfant, re\u00e7ut d\u2019ailleurs de son p\u00e8re en cadeau des arbres fruitiers, parmi lesquels un figuier. D\u00e8s le VIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., on trouve les figues dans les vers du po\u00e8te Archiloque; dans l\u2019un d\u2019eux, il d\u00e9crit un figuier poussant sur un sol rocheux, dont se nourrissaient les corneilles, picorant manifestement ses figues.<br><br>\u00c0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 le sucre \u00e9tait inconnu et o\u00f9 les \u00e9dulcorants comme le miel \u00e9taient des produits de luxe, les figues occupaient une place particuli\u00e8re. Cette saveur caract\u00e9ristique \u00e9tait reconnue par les auteurs de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 grecque. Hom\u00e8re, au VIIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., qualifie les figuiers de <em>glykerai <\/em>(\u00ab&nbsp;doux&nbsp;\u00bb), en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au go\u00fbt sucr\u00e9 de leurs fruits. La douceur des figues est compar\u00e9e \u00e0 celle du miel dans des vers du po\u00e8te X\u00e9nophane (VIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), qui affirme que si les dieux n\u2019avaient pas donn\u00e9 le miel aux hommes, ce sont les figues qui en auraient tenu lieu. Les figues sont fr\u00e9quemment mentionn\u00e9es par les po\u00e8tes comiques des IVe et IIIe si\u00e8cles av. J.-C., aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u2019autres aliments, mais on trouve aussi des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences plus anciennes \u00e0 leur valeur nutritionnelle pr\u00e9cieuse : ainsi, dans un fragment du po\u00e8te iambique Ananios (VIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), il est dit que si l\u2019on enferme trois hommes dans une pi\u00e8ce avec de l\u2019or et des figues, on comprendra combien les figues sont plus pr\u00e9cieuses que l\u2019or. Les textes r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que les figues se r\u00e9partissaient en diverses cat\u00e9gories de tailles, et celles dites \u00ab&nbsp;moyennes&nbsp;\u00bb \u00e9taient accessibles \u00e0 tous et consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme la nourriture des pauvres, comme le montrent les textes d\u2019Hipponax, au VIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Sous diff\u00e9rentes formes de douceurs, les figues constituent&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12342,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-15418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les figues - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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