{"id":15403,"date":"2025-07-09T07:47:49","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T07:47:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=15403"},"modified":"2026-01-07T09:52:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T09:52:03","slug":"les-grenades","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/les-grenades\/","title":{"rendered":"Les grenades"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong><\/em>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que les mill\u00e9naires de la p\u00e9riode n\u00e9olithique comptent une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de fruits tels que le raisin, la figue, la m\u00fbre, la poire sauvage et d\u2019autres encore, le grenadier tarde \u00e0 appara\u00eetre dans le paysage et les vergers de la Gr\u00e8ce pr\u00e9historique. On le rencontre sporadiquement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c2ge du bronze, dans le sud de la Gr\u00e8ce ; par exemple, du bois de grenadier a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert \u00e0 Akrotiri, \u00e0 Santorin. Il est tr\u00e8s probable que le grenadier soit parvenu en mer \u00c9g\u00e9e depuis les r\u00e9gions situ\u00e9es au sud de la mer Caspienne, passant par diff\u00e9rents r\u00e9seaux. Dans l\u2019Odyss\u00e9e (VIIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), la grenade est mentionn\u00e9e comme l\u2019un des arbres cultiv\u00e9s dans les vergers d\u2019Alcinoos, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u2019oliviers, de figuiers, de poiriers, de pommiers et de vignes. Hom\u00e8re la cite \u00e9galement comme l\u2019un des arbres qui poussaient dans le verger des Enfers, o\u00f9 Tantale \u00e9tait supplici\u00e9. Le fruit du grenadier relie d\u2019une certaine mani\u00e8re le monde souterrain au monde des vivants, puisque, selon l\u2019Hymne hom\u00e9rique \u00e0 D\u00e9m\u00e9ter, Had\u00e8s, avant de dire adieu \u00e0 Pers\u00e9phone, lui fit go\u00fbter la graine de grenade douce comme le miel afin d\u2019assurer son retour aux Enfers. Apr\u00e8s Hom\u00e8re, c\u2019est seulement chez Eschyle (VIe-Ve si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) que l\u2019on retrouve la grenade dans les textes anciens; mais \u00e0 partir du Ve si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences au grenadier et \u00e0 ses fruits deviennent fr\u00e9quentes, surtout en lien avec les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s th\u00e9rapeutiques de la pulpe et de l\u2019\u00e9corce. Si, comme nous l\u2019avons vu, la saveur de la grenade est d\u00e9crite comme douce comme le miel dans le passage relatif \u00e0 Pers\u00e9phone, la mention ult\u00e9rieure d\u2019Eschyle la d\u00e9crit comme aigre-douce. Il est tr\u00e8s probable que, d\u00e8s l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, il existait diff\u00e9rentes vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de grenades, comme aujourd\u2019hui : certaines tr\u00e8s sucr\u00e9es, d\u2019autres aigre-douces. Il est d\u2019ailleurs tout \u00e0 fait possible qu\u2019il en \u00e9tait de m\u00eame pour les grenades dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, comme on le sait pour d\u2019autres cultures, par exemple celles des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et des l\u00e9gumineuses.

Les grenades sont fr\u00e9quemment mentionn\u00e9es par les po\u00e8tes comiques, dans des listes d\u2019aliments ; ainsi, dans un passage du parodiste Matron (IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), elles figurent, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des poires, des pommes et du raisin, parmi les desserts consomm\u00e9s \u00e0 la fin du repas. Les grenades apparaissent aussi tr\u00e8s souvent dans des recettes m\u00e9dicinales des textes d\u2019Hippocrate. On y distingue de nouveau des grenades douces, acides, mais aussi \u00abvineuses\u00bb. Ces derni\u00e8res pourraient faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 des grenades trop m\u00fbres, dont les sucres avaient commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 fermenter \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur.

Aujourd\u2019hui, les grenadiers continuent d\u2019embellir les jardins, aussi bien dans les villages que dans les centres urbains, aussi bien lors de leur floraison, en mai-juin, que lorsqu\u2019ils ploient sous le poids de leurs fruits, en automne. Diverses vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de grenades sont cultiv\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on syst\u00e9matique ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, et leur produit est transform\u00e9 en jus pour \u00eatre commercialis\u00e9. Parmi les recettes traditionnelles o\u00f9 les graines sucr\u00e9es comme le miel constituent un ingr\u00e9dient incontournable, on trouve la Varvara, g\u00e2teau traditionnel symbolisant la panspermie, ainsi que les kollyva<\/em>, mets de circonstance li\u00e9s \u00e0 des rituels particuliers, qui associent le monde des vivants \u00e0 celui des morts et au divin. Ces coutumes rappellent l\u2019antique lien entre les deux mondes que symbolise la graine de grenade, lorsque le dieu des Enfers, Had\u00e8s, l\u2019offrit \u00e0 Pers\u00e9phone avant son retour du royaume des morts vers celui des vivants.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Bien que les mill\u00e9naires de la p\u00e9riode n\u00e9olithique…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12324,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-15403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"\nLes grenades - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/les-grenades\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta 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