{"id":15374,"date":"2025-07-09T07:44:13","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T07:44:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=15374"},"modified":"2026-01-07T10:26:18","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:26:18","slug":"douceurs-au-pavot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/douceurs-au-pavot\/","title":{"rendered":"Douceurs au pavot"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em><strong><em><strong>Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong><\/em>,<em><strong> Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un pasteli ou une douceur pr\u00e9par\u00e9e avec des graines de pavot au lieu de graines de s\u00e9same semblerait aujourd\u2019hui quelque chose de tr\u00e8s \u00e9trange en Gr\u00e8ce contemporaine, car ni dans les cuisines citadines du pays, ni dans les nombreux et int\u00e9ressants ouvrages consacr\u00e9s aux cuisines locales on ne rencontre cet ingr\u00e9dient dans les mets sucr\u00e9s. Un retour dans le lointain pass\u00e9, tel qu\u2019il appara\u00eet \u00e0 travers les textes anciens et les vestiges arch\u00e9obotaniques, montre pourtant que la graine de pavot \u00e9tait un ingr\u00e9dient tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 dans la cuisine de la Gr\u00e8ce antique, en particulier pour les douceurs. Le pavot (<em>mikon ypnoforos<\/em> ou Papaver Somniferum), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019esp\u00e8ce cultiv\u00e9e pour la production d\u2019opium, constitua une culture essentielle des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n\u00e9olithiques d\u2019Europe. En Gr\u00e8ce, cependant, il appara\u00eet comme esp\u00e8ce cultiv\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re syst\u00e9matique et stock\u00e9e dans les habitations d\u00e8s la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du IIe mill\u00e9naire av. J.-C., d\u2019apr\u00e8s ce que r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les recherches arch\u00e9ologiques men\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, notamment en Gr\u00e8ce du Nord, o\u00f9 l\u2019on a retrouv\u00e9 d\u2019abondantes concentrations de ses graines.<br><br>La plus ancienne mention du pavot \u00e0 opium figure dans l\u2019Iliade d\u2019Hom\u00e8re, dans une comparaison po\u00e9tique; et l\u2019association du mot avec le pain appara\u00eet d\u00e9j\u00e0 au VIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., dans un passage d\u2019Alcman qui mentionne des \u00ab&nbsp;pains au pavot&nbsp;\u00bb (<em>makonias artous<\/em>). Les textes anciens citent la graine de pavot comme ingr\u00e9dient de pr\u00e9parations boulang\u00e8res mais aussi de pr\u00e9parations sucr\u00e9es. Dioscoride <br>(Ier si\u00e8cle apr. J.-C.), dans son <em>De materia medica<\/em>, d\u00e9crit une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 cultiv\u00e9e de pavot \u00e0 graines blanches, que l\u2019on cultivait dans les jardins pour ses graines. Celles-ci \u00e9taient grill\u00e9es et ajout\u00e9es au pain, dans le cadre d\u2019une alimentation saine, ou m\u00e9lang\u00e9es avec du miel, \u00e0 la place du s\u00e9same. L\u2019association du pavot et du miel est aussi mentionn\u00e9e par Thucydide (Ve si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), qui nous informe sur les vivres envoy\u00e9s aux guerriers spartiates \u00e0 Sphact\u00e9rie, durant la guerre du P\u00e9loponn\u00e8se. Plusieurs fragments des po\u00e8tes comiques des IVe et IIIe si\u00e8cles av. J.-C. mentionnent les graines de pavot&nbsp;: ainsi, dans un extrait d\u2019Euphron (IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), il est question d\u2019un radis saupoudr\u00e9 de douze graines de pavot. Au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019ironie de cette image particuli\u00e8re, on retrouve la graine de pavot comme ingr\u00e9dient d\u2019une douceur au miel (<em>melipicton<\/em>), ainsi que d\u2019une \u00ab&nbsp;kopti&nbsp;\u00bb au pavot, mentionn\u00e9e dans un fragment de<strong><em> Sopatros<\/em><\/strong> (IVe-IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.). Le Corpus hippocratique (Ve-IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) font r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s nutritionnelles de la graine de pavot, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme nourrissante et fortifiante, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 ses vertus th\u00e9rapeutiques. Les graines de pavot apparaissent aussi comme ingr\u00e9dients dans une recette transmise par Philon (IIIe-IIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), connue sous le nom de \u00ab&nbsp;recette d\u2019\u00c9pim\u00e9nide&nbsp;\u00bb \u2014 une sorte de barre \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, dirait-on aujourd\u2019hui, compos\u00e9e de nombreux ingr\u00e9dients&nbsp;!<br><br>On peut donc imaginer que des petits pains au pavot, des douceurs au pavot ou encore un pasteli particulier o\u00f9 le s\u00e9same serait remplac\u00e9 par du pavot, faisaient partie des gourmandises de la Gr\u00e8ce antique. Aujourd\u2019hui, pour go\u00fbter des produits de boulangerie ou des douceurs au pavot, il faut se tourner vers les r\u00e9gions plus au nord de l\u2019Europe, par exemple la Lituanie, l\u2019Ukraine et les pays d\u2019Europe centrale. L\u2019usage culinaire des graines de pavot s\u2019est perdu au fil des si\u00e8cles dans la tradition des habitants de Gr\u00e8ce, \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence de ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 pour d\u2019autres ingr\u00e9dients et recettes.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Un pasteli ou une douceur pr\u00e9par\u00e9e avec des&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12271,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-15374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast 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