{"id":15322,"date":"2025-07-09T07:33:31","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T07:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=15322"},"modified":"2026-01-07T10:15:51","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:15:51","slug":"lhuile-dolive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/lhuile-dolive\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019huile d\u2019olive"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em><strong><em><strong><em><strong>Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong><\/em>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plante embl\u00e9matique des peuples de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, l\u2019olivier a offert le pr\u00e9cieux fruit de son huile, ingr\u00e9dient aujourd\u2019hui incontournable de nombreuses recettes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, mais qui, \u00e0 l\u2019origine, constituait tr\u00e8s probablement un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel des rituels. La culture de l\u2019olivier en Gr\u00e8ce remonte \u00e0 la pr\u00e9histoire&nbsp;: il y a environ 6&nbsp;000&nbsp;ans, on en trouve d\u00e9j\u00e0 des indices en Cr\u00e8te, \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 travers le pollen de la plante et par d\u2019autres vestiges tels que du bois, et plus rarement des noyaux. Pendant toute la dur\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00c2ge du bronze, dans le sud de la Gr\u00e8ce, l\u2019huile d\u2019olive semble avoir occup\u00e9 une place tr\u00e8s importante dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9g\u00e9e m\u00e9ridionale. D\u00e8s la Cr\u00e8te minoenne, l\u2019huile d\u2019olive \u00e9tait semble-t-il transport\u00e9e dans des r\u00e9cipients sp\u00e9cifiques, les jarres \u00e0 \u00e9trier, le long des routes commerciales de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, un usage qui se poursuit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque myc\u00e9nienne. Apr\u00e8s plusieurs si\u00e8cles de culture, on retrouve l\u2019olivier dans les id\u00e9ogrammes de l\u2019\u00e9criture en lin\u00e9aire&nbsp;B, aussi bien comme plante sauvage que comme plante cultiv\u00e9e. L\u2019huile d\u2019olive poss\u00e8de son propre id\u00e9ogramme, inscrit dans des listes de produits envoy\u00e9s aux sanctuaires pour les rituels. L\u2019huile de l\u2019ol\u00e9astre (l\u2019olivier sauvage) avait, elle aussi, son id\u00e9ogramme, et servait dans la parfumerie des palais myc\u00e9niens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Dans la Gr\u00e8ce antique, l\u2019huile d\u2019olive continue d\u2019\u00eatre utilis\u00e9e dans les cadres rituels et demeure un produit de luxe, particuli\u00e8rement co\u00fbteux. Ainsi, le prix attribu\u00e9 aux Jeux panath\u00e9na\u00efques, l\u2019huile contenue dans les amphores, avait une grande valeur \u00e9conomique. Cette huile provenait d\u2019ailleurs d\u2019oliviers sacr\u00e9s, prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par Zeus Morios. Ces oliviers \u00e9taient appel\u00e9s <em>moriai<\/em>, un terme que l\u2019on retrouve au Ve si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. dans les \u0153uvres d\u2019Aristophane et de Lysias.<br><br>L\u2019usage de l\u2019huile d\u2019olive comme aliment dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 appara\u00eet dans certains textes. Ainsi, dans Les Oiseaux d\u2019Aristophane (IVe-IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), il est question d\u2019une huile dont on arrosait, entre autres ingr\u00e9dients, des oiseaux r\u00f4tis servis \u00e0 table. Dans un autre contexte, Hippocrate conseille, pour une certaine maladie, de pr\u00e9parer le poisson grill\u00e9 ou bouilli, puis de l\u2019assaisonner d\u2019origan et de l\u2019arroser d\u2019huile; un usage que l\u2019on retrouve \u00e9galement chez Archestrate (IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), cette fois dans le cadre d\u2019une recette culinaire. On suppose que diverses p\u00e2tes confectionn\u00e9es dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, par exemple pour des beignets, \u00e9taient frites dans l\u2019huile d\u2019olive \u2014 hypoth\u00e8se appuy\u00e9e par le terme <em>zeselaiopages<\/em> (\u00ab&nbsp;cuites dans l\u2019huile chaude&nbsp;\u00bb), mentionn\u00e9 par le po\u00e8te Philox\u00e8ne (Ve-IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.). L\u2019huile servait aussi \u00e0 la conservation des aliments, notamment du poisson, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019usage de l\u2019<em>elaiogaros<\/em> (une pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 base d\u2019huile et de saumure), mentionn\u00e9 dans l\u2019ouvrage du Pseudo-Hippocrate <em>De differentiis alimentorum<\/em>. L\u2019huile d\u2019olive est par ailleurs tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quemment cit\u00e9e dans le Corpus hippocratique comme ingr\u00e9dient de pr\u00e9parations th\u00e9rapeutiques, ainsi que dans l\u2019alimentation des malades.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Plante embl\u00e9matique des peuples de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, l\u2019olivier&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12241,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[1671,5365],"class_list":["post-15322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-ellada-fr","tag-references-historiques"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with 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