{"id":13282,"date":"2025-06-16T10:16:52","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T10:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/main\/?p=13282"},"modified":"2026-01-07T10:11:18","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:11:18","slug":"les-pois-chiches","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/les-pois-chiches\/","title":{"rendered":"Les pois chiches"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les plus anciens pois chiches utilis\u00e9s par les hommes pr\u00e9historiques pour se nourrir ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts dans le nord-ouest de la Syrie et datent de 10 000 ans. Cependant, en Gr\u00e8ce, les pois chiches ne semblent pas avoir constitu\u00e9 un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel de l’alimentation des populations pr\u00e9historiques, car on a trouv\u00e9 tr\u00e8s peu de restes de graines br\u00fbl\u00e9es sur les sites n\u00e9olithiques et de l’\u00e2ge de bronze. Il n’est pas exclu que cette l\u00e9gumineuse n’ait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e pour son go\u00fbt ou qu’elle n’ait pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s’adapter aux nouvelles conditions environnementales du sud-est de l’Europe pendant une longue p\u00e9riode apr\u00e8s l’apparition de l’agriculture dans la r\u00e9gion. Au cours de l’histoire, le pois chiche est pr\u00e9sent dans le mat\u00e9riel arch\u00e9obotanique, par exemple une concentration de graines carbonis\u00e9es a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9e dans l’Acropole de Vergina (IIe-Ier si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contrairement \u00e0 la quasi-absence de graines de pois chiches \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque pr\u00e9historique, dans les textes historiques, l\u2019\u00e9rebinthos<\/em>, comme on l’appelle, appara\u00eet tr\u00e8s souvent et tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t dans les textes grecs anciens. On le trouve d\u00e8s le VIIIe si\u00e8cle avant J.-C. dans les \u00e9pop\u00e9es d’Hom\u00e8re, o\u00f9 il est mentionn\u00e9 avec la f\u00e8ve dans une comparaison. Le pois chiche est \u00e9galement mentionn\u00e9 par la po\u00e9tesse Sappho (VIIe-VIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), qui nous donne l’image du \u00ab pois chiche dor\u00e9 \u00bb, et le po\u00e8te-philosophe X\u00e9nophon (VIe-Ve si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) qui \u00e9voque quelqu’un buvant du vin doux pr\u00e8s du feu en mangeant des pois chiches. Dans la com\u00e9die antique, on trouve de nombreuses r\u00e9f\u00e9rences aux pois chiches, ce qui indique qu’il s’agissait d’un aliment courant, voire de la nourriture des pauvres, comme par exemple dans Les \u00c9glises d’Aristophane (Ve-IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.). Les pois chiches \u00e9taient consomm\u00e9s comme en-cas (trag\u00e9mata<\/em>), accompagn\u00e9s de vin, lorsqu’ils \u00e9taient encore verts et tendres, mais ils \u00e9taient bouillis ou grill\u00e9s lorsqu’ils avaient m\u00fbri, comme le mentionne Ph\u00e9n\u00e9e (IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.). Archestrate (IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) ne semblait pas beaucoup les appr\u00e9cier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans les textes d\u2019Hippocrate (Ve-IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), les pois chiches occupent une place importante car ils sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme diur\u00e9tiques, purgatifs et nutritifs. Les pois chiches blancs sont m\u00eame mentionn\u00e9s comme ingr\u00e9dients appropri\u00e9s pour certaines pr\u00e9parations pharmaceutiques. Il semble qu’il existait une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de pois chiches cultiv\u00e9s dans l’Antiquit\u00e9, comme nous l’indique Th\u00e9ophraste (IVe-IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) : il existe des pois chiches qui sont gros et appel\u00e9s \u00ab kriaria \u00bb, d’autres qui sont tr\u00e8s petits comme des graines d\u2019ervilier, et d’autres qui se situent entre les deux. Il nous informe \u00e9galement que les pois chiches blancs \u00e9taient les plus savoureux par rapport aux noirs et aux rouges, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant ainsi une grande richesse de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de pois chiches dans l’Antiquit\u00e9, chaque vari\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tant adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents usages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aujourd’hui, les pois chiches continuent d’\u00eatre un plat tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 de la cuisine grecque, et m\u00eame dans certaines f\u00eates religieuses (Sifnos, Amorgos), ils constituent le repas festif, mijot\u00e9s pour \u00eatre consomm\u00e9s par tous les p\u00e8lerins qui y participent. Les habitudes de l’Antiquit\u00e9, comme la consommation de pois chiches grill\u00e9s en guise d’en-cas, se perp\u00e9tuent aujourd’hui avec les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \u00ab stragalia \u00bb, tandis que dans les campagnes, ceux qui les cultivent d\u00e9gustent en ap\u00e9ritif des pois chiches sucr\u00e9s et encore verts, un mets d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9 au IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image 1. Graine de pois chiche carbonis\u00e9e provenant de l’Acropole de Vergina, IIe-Ier si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. (Photo S.M. Valamoti, tir\u00e9e du livre Valamoti, Fyntikoglou, Symponis 2022, Food Crops in Ancient Greek Cuisine :<\/p>\n\n\n\n


 an archaeobotanical and textual study, University Studio Press).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image 2. Stragalia, pois chiches grill\u00e9s. (Photo S.M. Valamoti, tir\u00e9e du livre Valamoti, Fyntikoglou, Symponis 2022, Food Crops in Ancient Greek Cuisine : an archaeobotanical and textual study, University Studio Press).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Les plus anciens pois chiches utilis\u00e9s par les…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":11548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[3163,1671,3162],"class_list":["post-13282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-gastronomie","tag-ellada-fr","tag-istoria-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nLes pois chiches - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/les-pois-chiches\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta 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