{"id":13200,"date":"2025-06-16T09:14:46","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T09:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/main\/?p=13200"},"modified":"2025-12-23T08:28:02","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T08:28:02","slug":"les-feves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/les-feves\/","title":{"rendered":"Les f\u00e8ves"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>F\u00e8ves contemporaines, la rang\u00e9e inf\u00e9rieure repr\u00e9sente des graines de la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 petits grains (Photo S.M.Valamoti, tir\u00e9e du livre Food Crops in Ancient Greek Cuisine : an archaeobotanical and textual study, Valamoti, Fyntikoglou, Symponis 2022, University Studio Press)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, <em>Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les f\u00e8ves appartiennent \u00e0 la famille des l\u00e9gumineuses qui ont d&rsquo;abord \u00e9t\u00e9 cultiv\u00e9es au Proche-Orient, puis leur culture s&rsquo;est \u00e9tendue \u00e0 l&rsquo;ouest vers le reste de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et l&rsquo;Europe. Il semble toutefois qu&rsquo;entre le VIIe et le IVe mill\u00e9naire avant J.-C., les f\u00e8ves \u00e9taient absentes de l&rsquo;alimentation des populations n\u00e9olithiques de Gr\u00e8ce. Ce n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge du bronze que nous les retrouvons carbonis\u00e9es dans les foyers grecs, t\u00e9moins de leur culture et de leur consommation. L&rsquo;adoption tardive de cette l\u00e9gumineuse ne doit pas nous surprendre, car sa consommation peut entra\u00eener la mort chez les personnes qui ne poss\u00e8dent pas un enzyme pr\u00e9sent dans le sang. Les f\u00e8ves que l&rsquo;on trouve br\u00fbl\u00e9es dans des villages tels que Skala Sotiros \u00e0 Thasos (fin du IIIe mill\u00e9naire avant J.-C.) ou beaucoup plus tard dans le n\u00e9cromantium d&rsquo;Acheron de la p\u00e9riode hell\u00e9nistique, appartiennent \u00e0 la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 petits grains, une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 qui est encore cultiv\u00e9e dans certaines r\u00e9gions de Gr\u00e8ce, par exemple \u00e0 Corfou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La f\u00e8ve, connue dans l&rsquo;Antiquit\u00e9 sous le nom de <em>kyasmos<\/em>, est d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9e par Hom\u00e8re (VIIIe si\u00e8cle avant J.-C.), qui compare le mouvement des f\u00e8ves secou\u00e9es par le vent \u00e0 celui d&rsquo;une fl\u00e8che lanc\u00e9e au combat. Dans cette comparaison, mais aussi dans d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9f\u00e9rences anciennes, les f\u00e8ves sont d\u00e9crites comme noires, probablement en raison de la couleur sombre que pr\u00e9sente encore aujourd&rsquo;hui cette vari\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 petits grains. Plus tard, dans divers textes anciens, on trouve mention de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales noires et blanches, qui \u00e9taient utilis\u00e9es non seulement comme aliment, mais aussi pour le vote et la pes\u00e9e des substances m\u00e9dicinales. En tant qu&rsquo;aliment, le pois est tr\u00e8s souvent mentionn\u00e9 dans des textes tels que La R\u00e9publique de Platon (Ve-IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) et Les Chevaliers d&rsquo;Aristophane (Ve-IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.), cependant, les m\u00e9decins de l&rsquo;Antiquit\u00e9 dans les textes hippocratiques (Ve-IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) attirent l&rsquo;attention sur les nombreux gaz que provoquent les f\u00e8ves, tandis que dans l&rsquo;\u0153uvre de Dioscoride (Ier si\u00e8cle apr. J.-C.), on trouve une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux mauvais r\u00eaves et \u00e0 l&rsquo;indigestion caus\u00e9s par la consommation de f\u00e8ves grecques, en particulier lorsqu&rsquo;elles \u00e9taient consomm\u00e9es crues et non m\u00fbres. Archestrate (IVe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) nous informe que les f\u00e8ves \u00e9taient l&rsquo;aliment des pauvres. Dans les textes anciens, on trouve \u00e9galement des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e0 des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s locales de f\u00e8ves, comme celle d&rsquo;Aristophane qui mentionne les f\u00e8ves tendres et d\u00e9licieuses de Limnos et celle de Th\u00e9ophraste (IVe-IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C.) qui \u00e9voque les f\u00e8ves d&rsquo;Apollonia, sur les c\u00f4tes de la mer Ionienne, qui ne pourrissent pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/413_Kouki-4-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18006\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/413_Kouki-4-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/413_Kouki-4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/413_Kouki-4-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/413_Kouki-4-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/413_Kouki-4-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/413_Kouki-4-360x241.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00e8ves provenant de Skala Sotiros, Thasos, fin du IIIe mill\u00e9naire avant J.-C. (Photo S.M. Valamoti tir\u00e9e du livre Food Crops in Ancient Greek Cuisine : an archaeobotanical and textual study, Valamoti, Fyntikoglou, Symponis 2022, University Studio Press)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>F\u00e8ves contemporaines, la rang\u00e9e inf\u00e9rieure repr\u00e9sente des graines de la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 petits grains (Photo S.M.Valamoti, tir\u00e9e du livre Food&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":14050,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[3163,1671,3162],"class_list":["post-13200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-gastronomie","tag-ellada-fr","tag-istoria-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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