{"id":13030,"date":"2025-04-23T09:22:26","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T09:22:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/main\/?p=13030"},"modified":"2025-12-22T19:39:34","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T19:39:34","slug":"lentilles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/lentilles\/","title":{"rendered":"Lentilles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sultana Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les lentilles sont une l\u00e9gumineuse tr\u00e8s ancienne en Gr\u00e8ce. Avant m\u00eame d’\u00eatre domestiqu\u00e9e, la lentille faisait partie de l’alimentation des groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs qui vivaient en Argolide, dans la grotte de Franchthi, il y a environ 11 000 ans, avant l’apparition des premi\u00e8res communaut\u00e9s agricoles du N\u00e9olithique. D\u00e8s le VIIe mill\u00e9naire avant J.-C., les graines de lentilles sont l’une des d\u00e9couvertes les plus fr\u00e9quentes dans les fouilles de villages n\u00e9olithiques en Gr\u00e8ce. Sa pr\u00e9sence dans les d\u00e9couvertes arch\u00e9ologiques du pays se poursuit de mani\u00e8re constante au cours des derniers mill\u00e9naires de la pr\u00e9histoire, \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge du bronze, de la fin du IVe mill\u00e9naire avant J.-C. jusqu’\u00e0 la fin de cette p\u00e9riode. Pour les p\u00e9riodes historiques, nous disposons d’un nombre impressionnant de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e0 la lentille, \u00e0 ses vari\u00e9t\u00e9s et \u00e0 ses modes de pr\u00e9paration. Comme nous pouvons le d\u00e9duire d’un texte de Ph\u00e9n\u00e9e rapport\u00e9 par Ath\u00e9n\u00e9e dans ses Deipnosophistes, les lentilles pouvaient \u00eatre cuisin\u00e9es soit sous forme de soupe appel\u00e9e \u00ab faki<\/em> \u00bb, soit sous forme de bouillie \u00e9paisse, connue dans l’Antiquit\u00e9 sous le nom d’\u00ab etnos \u00bb, dans le cas des lentilles \u00ab fakinon etnos \u00bb. En effet, pour servir l’etnos, une cuill\u00e8re sp\u00e9ciale \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e, comme nous l’indique le po\u00e8te comique antique Aristophane. Dans la Gr\u00e8ce antique, les lentilles sont tr\u00e8s souvent mentionn\u00e9es dans les com\u00e9dies anciennes et semblent avoir constitu\u00e9 un aliment quotidien. Des p\u00e2tisseries sp\u00e9ciales m\u00e9lang\u00e9es \u00e0 la soupe de lentilles \u00e9taient appel\u00e9es \u00ab gouroi \u00bb, comme le mentionne le po\u00e8te Solon dans des vers datant du VIIe\/VIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. La facoptsani et la volvofaki \u00e9taient des plats \u00e0 base de lentilles dans l’Antiquit\u00e9. Une p\u00e2tisserie \u00e0 base de lentilles est mentionn\u00e9e sous le nom de laganofaki<\/em> dans un extrait de papyrus. Le po\u00e8te antique Sopatros mentionne un pain \u00e0 base de lentilles, tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 \u00e0 Alexandrie en \u00c9gypte. Outre son utilisation comme ingr\u00e9dient dans certains pains anciens, la farine de lentilles avait \u00e9galement des vertus m\u00e9dicinales, tout comme les lentilles en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, qui entraient dans la composition de divers rem\u00e8des, comme nous l’apprend Hippocrate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les textes grecs anciens, qu’il s’agisse de com\u00e9dies ou de textes m\u00e9dicaux, font largement r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux lentilles, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant leur impressionnante long\u00e9vit\u00e9 en tant qu’ingr\u00e9dient de la cuisine hell\u00e9nique depuis la pr\u00e9histoire jusqu’\u00e0 l’\u00e9poque historique. Cette pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence particuli\u00e8re pour la lentille en tant que l\u00e9gumineuse de la cuisine grecque se poursuit aujourd’hui dans de nombreux foyers grecs. Sous forme de soupe, qui porte encore aujourd’hui le nom de faki<\/em> comme dans la Gr\u00e8ce antique, la lentille est l’un des plats de base du je\u00fbne dans la tradition orthodoxe grecque. Diverses r\u00e9gions de Gr\u00e8ce sont fi\u00e8res de leurs belles lentilles, comme Eglouvi \u00e0 Leucade et Voio dans la r\u00e9gion de Kozani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image 1. Lentilles carbonis\u00e9es provenant de la maison n\u00e9olithique de Sosandra, en Mac\u00e9doine occidentale. Photo de S.M. Valamoti, V. Fyntikoglou, K. Symponis 2022, Food Crops in Ancient Greek Cuisine: An Archaeobotanical and Textual Study, Thessaloniki, University Studio Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Image 2. Graines de lentilles modernes, issues de diff\u00e9rentes vari\u00e9t\u00e9s. Photo de S.M. Valamoti, V. Fyntikoglou, K. Symponis 2022, Food Crops in Ancient Greek Cuisine: An Archaeobotanical and Textual Study, Thessaloniki, University Studio Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliographie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valamoti S.M. 2023 Plant Foods of Greece: A Culinary Journey to the Neolithic and the Bronze Ages. Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valamoti, S.M., Fyntikoglou, V., Symponis, K. 2022. Food Crops in Ancient Greek Cuisine: An Archaeobotanical and Textual Study. Thessaloniki, University Studio Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sultana Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Les lentilles sont une l\u00e9gumineuse tr\u00e8s ancienne…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":8006,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[759,5285],"tags":[3163,1671,3162],"class_list":["post-13030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fr","category-saveurs-anciennes","tag-gastronomie","tag-ellada-fr","tag-istoria-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nLentilles - Agriculture invers\u00e9e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fr\/lentilles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lentilles - 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