{"id":18426,"date":"2025-10-15T10:47:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:47:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=18426"},"modified":"2026-01-08T12:52:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T12:52:46","slug":"villipaarynat-gkortza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/villipaarynat-gkortza\/","title":{"rendered":"Villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4t (gkortza)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuva 1. Hiiltyneit\u00e4 kokonaisia villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6it\u00e4 Dikili Tashin neoliittisen kauden asutuskeskuksesta, 4300 eKr. Teoksesta S.M. Valamoti 2023, Plant Foods of Greece, University of Alabama Press. Valokuva: S.M. Valamoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4puut \u2013 jotka tunnetaan Kreikan maaseudulla nimell\u00e4 gkortzies \u2013 ovat monivuotinen osa Kreikan luontoa ja ne kasvavat pensaikoissa tai peltojen keskell\u00e4. Niiden runsaat lehv\u00e4st\u00f6t tarjoavat viilent\u00e4v\u00e4n varjon kes\u00e4ll\u00e4 ja h\u00e4mm\u00e4stytt\u00e4v\u00e4n aromaattiset hedelm\u00e4t aarteen marraskuussa. Villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6iden arkeologisia j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6ksi\u00e4 on l\u00f6ydetty esihistoriallisista kohteista ymp\u00e4ri Kreikkaa. Tunnetuin niist\u00e4 on ehk\u00e4 Dikili Tashin neoliittikauden kyl\u00e4 Kavalassa l\u00e4hell\u00e4 muinaista Philippi\u00e4. Sielt\u00e4 l\u00f6ydettiin suuri villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6ill\u00e4 t\u00e4ytetty astia talosta, joka paloi maan tasalle noin vuonna 4300 eKr. Kyseisen talon neoliittisen kauden asukkaat olivat s\u00e4il\u00f6neet hedelm\u00e4n ennen tulipaloa, jolloin l\u00f6yd\u00f6s s\u00e4ilyi maakerroksissa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4puu Palaiokastron kyl\u00e4n ulkopuolella, Chalkidiki, marraskuu 2024. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Varhaisin kirjallinen maininta villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4puista antiikin Kreikassa l\u00f6ytyy Odysseiasta (700-luvulla eKr.) termin\u00e4 \u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2<\/em>. Puut tunnettiin my\u00f6s nimell\u00e4 \u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/em>. 300-luvulla eKr. el\u00e4nyt kirjoittaja Theofrastos kertoo Kasvioppi-teoksessaan puun ominaisuuksista ja erottelee villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6iden alanko- ja vuoristolajikkeet. H\u00e4n my\u00f6s toteaa, ett\u00e4 ensiksi mainituista saadaan parempia hedelmi\u00e4 ja puutavaraa. Sofokles (400-luvulla eKr.) kuvailee villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4\u00e4 vaikuttavaksi puuksi, joka on t\u00e4ynn\u00e4 piikkej\u00e4. Oidipus Kolonoksessa -teoksessaan h\u00e4n puolestaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 sit\u00e4 maamerkkin\u00e4. Odysseiassa Eumaios-sikopaimenen kuvaillaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4n villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4n piikikk\u00e4it\u00e4 oksia rakentaessaan aitauksen sioilleen. 300-luvulla eKr. kirjoittanut Theokritos puolestaan toteaa, ett\u00e4 siit\u00e4 saadaan erinomaista polttopuuta. Aristofanes (400\u2013300-luvuilla eKr.) mainitsee villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4puun hedelm\u00e4n Naisten kansankokous -komediassaan, jossa vitsaillaan villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6iden liiallisen sy\u00f6misen aiheuttamasta ummetuksesta. Homeroksen j\u00e4lkeen villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6ihin on viitattu melko usein erityisesti komediakirjallisuudessa. Aristofaneen maininnan lis\u00e4ksi my\u00f6s Menanderin \u00c4rm\u00e4tti-teoksessa kuvataan el\u00e4v\u00e4sti vanhaa p\u00e4\u00e4henkil\u00f6\u00e4, jonka lingosta loppuvat kivet, mink\u00e4 j\u00e4lkeen h\u00e4n k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 ammuksina villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6it\u00e4, kielien hedelm\u00e4n kovuudesta. Theofrastoksen mukaan villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4t kypsyiv\u00e4t syksyll\u00e4 tai talvella ja tuoksuivat enemm\u00e4n kuin jalostetut lajikkeet. Komediakirjailija Nikofonin (400\u2013300-luvuilla eKr.) tekstikatkelmassa mainitaan, ett\u00e4 niit\u00e4 myiv\u00e4t \u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2<\/em> (kauppiaat). Muualla niiden ominaisuuksia kuvaillaan sy\u00f6ntitavasta riippuen: kypsill\u00e4 talvip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6ill\u00e4 oli Hippokrateen ruokavaliota k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4n teoksen mukaan laksatiivisia ominaisuuksia, kun taas kypsym\u00e4tt\u00f6min\u00e4 ne olivat karvaita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6it\u00e4, jotka on ker\u00e4tty villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4puusta Palaiokastron kyl\u00e4n ulkopuolella, Chalkidiki, marraskuu 2024. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nykyp\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4 villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6it\u00e4 ei juurikaan ole myyt\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4. Ne kuitenkin tunnetaan kaikkialla Kreikassa, ja monilla maan alueilla asukkaat ker\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t niit\u00e4. Esimerkiksi Grevenan alueella valmistetaan er\u00e4\u00e4nlaista villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4siirappia. Resepti on kuitenkin vaarassa kadota viimeisen hedelm\u00e4n perinteisiin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6tarkoituksiin tutustuneen sukupolven my\u00f6t\u00e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kuva 1. Hiiltyneit\u00e4 kokonaisia villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6it\u00e4 Dikili Tashin neoliittisen kauden asutuskeskuksesta, 4300 eKr. Teoksesta S.M. Valamoti 2023, Plant Foods of Greece,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[758,5284],"tags":[5364,1653],"class_list":["post-18426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fi","category-muinaiset-maut","tag-historialliset-viitteet","tag-ellada-fi"],"yoast_head":"\nVillip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4t (gkortza) - K\u00e4\u00e4nteinen maatalous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/villipaarynat-gkortza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fi_FI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Villip\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00e4t (gkortza) - K\u00e4\u00e4nteinen maatalous\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kuva 1. 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