{"id":18394,"date":"2025-10-15T10:33:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=18394"},"modified":"2026-01-08T12:18:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T12:18:08","slug":"viinietikka-ruokavalion-peruspilari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/viinietikka-ruokavalion-peruspilari\/","title":{"rendered":"Viinietikka \u2013 ruokavalion peruspilari"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ryp\u00e4leist\u00e4 puristamalla saatava mehu liitet\u00e4\u00e4n yleisimmin viiniin, mutta sit\u00e4 voidaan kuitenkin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 monin eri tavoin, kuten ryp\u00e4lemehuna, siirappina tai viinietikkana. N\u00e4m\u00e4 kolme tuotetta j\u00e4ttiv\u00e4t l\u00e4hes samanlaisia kemiallisia j\u00e4\u00e4mi\u00e4 astioihin, joissa niit\u00e4 s\u00e4il\u00f6ttiin muinaisina aikoina, joten onkin l\u00e4hes mahdotonta sanoa, mit\u00e4 niist\u00e4 kaivauksissa l\u00f6ytyneet astiat sis\u00e4lsiv\u00e4t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muinaiset tekstit kuitenkin t\u00e4ydent\u00e4v\u00e4t arkeologisten l\u00f6yd\u00f6sten puutteita merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 tavalla. Termi \u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c2<\/em>, joka esiintyy 600-luvulla eKr. el\u00e4neen runoilijan ja lains\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4j\u00e4n Solonin runonkatkelmassa, tarkoittaa, ett\u00e4 viinietikka murskataan morttelissa kompassikukan kanssa ja valmistetaan n\u00e4in ruoaksi. Viinietikan k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 yhdess\u00e4 kompassikukan (kasvi, joka ker\u00e4ttiin sukupuuttoon antiikin aikana ja jota ei tunneta nykyp\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4) mainitaan my\u00f6s muissa l\u00e4hteiss\u00e4: Aristofaneen Linnut-n\u00e4ytelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 (400\u2013300-luvuilla eKr.) mainitaan, ett\u00e4 viinietikkaa, \u00f6ljy\u00e4, juustoa ja kompassikukkaa yhdist\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 valmistettiin kastike, jota tarjottiin paahdetun riistan lisukkeena yhdess\u00e4 toisen, makean ja tahmean kastikkeen kera. Komediakirjailija Alexiksen (300-luvulla eKr.) tekstiss\u00e4 kuvaillaan resepti\u00e4, jossa jauhettua oreganoa sekoitetaan viinietikan joukkoon kulhossa (\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c2<\/em>), seokseen lis\u00e4t\u00e4\u00e4n v\u00e4ri\u00e4 ryp\u00e4lesiirapilla (\u03c3\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u1ff3<\/em>) ja lopuksi mukaan sekoitetaan runsaasti kompassikukkaa. Arkhestratos (300-luvulla eKr.) puolestaan kuvailee porsaankyljest\u00e4 ja -kohdusta valmistettua \u201dherkkua\u201d, joka marinoitiin kuminan, vahvan viinietikan (\u1f44\u03be\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cd<\/em>) ja kompassikukan seoksessa. Suolan tavoin viinietikkaa k\u00e4ytettiin my\u00f6s lihan s\u00e4il\u00f6nt\u00e4aineena. T\u00e4m\u00e4n mainitsee Hippokrates teoksessaan De Affectionibus, jossa h\u00e4n pit\u00e4\u00e4 s\u00e4il\u00f6tty\u00e4 ja suolattua lihaa helpommin sulavana kuin tuoretta versiota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viinietikka vaikuttaa siis olleen k\u00e4tev\u00e4 tuote, jolla oli monenlaisia jokap\u00e4iv\u00e4isi\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00f6tarkoituksia. Siksi ei olekaan kovin yll\u00e4tt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4, ett\u00e4 se mainitaan my\u00f6s hienommassa runoudessa. Aiskhyloksen Agamemnon-tragediassa (400-luvulla eKr.) Klytaimestra vertaa voittajien ja Troijan kukistettujen ihmisten \u00e4\u00e4nten sekoittumista astiaan, jossa on sekoitettu viinietikkaa ja oliivi\u00f6ljy\u00e4.  Aristofanes my\u00f6s k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 kyseist\u00e4 termi\u00e4 Ampiaiset-n\u00e4ytelm\u00e4ss\u00e4\u00e4n osana metaforaa, jossa h\u00e4n kuvaa rikosilmoitusta viinietikaksi tarkoittaen, ett\u00e4 se muuttuisi happamaksi ilmoituksen tehneelle henkil\u00f6lle. Aristofanes k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s termi\u00e4 \u1f40\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac<\/em> viinietikasta valmistettujen herkkujen kuvaamiseen ja termi\u00e4 \u1f40\u03be\u03af\u03c2<\/em> nimen\u00e4 erityiselle astialle, jossa viinietikkaa tarjoiltiin (teokset Rikkaus ja Sammakot t\u00e4ss\u00e4 j\u00e4rjestyksess\u00e4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koska viinietikka valmistettiin viinist\u00e4, sit\u00e4 kutsuttiin usein termill\u00e4 \u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd<\/em>, eli hapatettu viini. T\u00e4m\u00e4 kuvaa luonnollista keinoa muuttaa viini viinietikaksi. T\u00e4t\u00e4 termi\u00e4 kuvaa muun muassa Theofrastos (300\u2013200-luvuilla eKr.) teoksessaan Kasvioppi. Viittauksia t\u00e4h\u00e4n viinietikan valmistustapaan l\u00f6ytyy my\u00f6s my\u00f6hemm\u00e4lt\u00e4 kirjoittajalta Aleksanteri Afrodisiaslaiselta. Viinietikan lis\u00e4ksi muinaisissa teksteiss\u00e4 viitataan my\u00f6s Aasiassa yleiseen taatelietikkaan, kuten Ksenofonin teoksessa Kyyroksen sotaretki (400-luvulla eKr.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viinietikkaa k\u00e4ytettiin usein muinaisissa l\u00e4\u00e4ketieteellisiss\u00e4 teksteiss\u00e4. Esimerkiksi Hippokrateen ruokavaliota k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4ss\u00e4 teoksessa viinietikkaa kuvataan elvytt\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4, supistavana ja kirpe\u00e4n\u00e4. Sek\u00e4 Hippokrateen ett\u00e4 my\u00f6hempien kirjoittajien teksteiss\u00e4 se sis\u00e4ltyy lukuisiin l\u00e4\u00e4kevalmisteiden resepteihin yleens\u00e4 yhdistettyn\u00e4 muihin aineisiin, kuten veteen, hunajaan jne. Dioskurides (n. 40\u201390 jKr.) omisti aineelle kokonaisen kappaleen teoksessaan (De materia medica 5.13), ja my\u00f6s Galenos (100-luvulla jKr.) mainitsi sen kirjoituksissaan. Toinen l\u00e4\u00e4ketieteellisiss\u00e4 teksteiss\u00e4 usein esiin tullut l\u00e4\u00e4kkeiden ainesosa on \u1f40\u03be\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9<\/em>, joka valmistettiin sekoittamalla viinietikkaa ja hunajaa. Dioskurides kertoo aineesta kokonaisen kappaleen \u2013 vaikkakin lyhyen \u2013 verran De materia medica -teoksessaan, jossa se esiintyy l\u00e4\u00e4kereseptien ainesosana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Ryp\u00e4leist\u00e4 puristamalla saatava mehu liitet\u00e4\u00e4n yleisimmin viiniin, mutta…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15146,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[758,5284],"tags":[5364,1653],"class_list":["post-18394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fi","category-muinaiset-maut","tag-historialliset-viitteet","tag-ellada-fi"],"yoast_head":"\nViinietikka \u2013 ruokavalion peruspilari - K\u00e4\u00e4nteinen maatalous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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