{"id":16950,"date":"2025-12-09T09:32:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T09:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16950"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:14:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:14:14","slug":"kala-ja-ayriaiset-nilviaiset","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/kala-ja-ayriaiset-nilviaiset\/","title":{"rendered":"Kala ja \u00e4yri\u00e4iset \u2013 nilvi\u00e4iset"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meri on ollut keskeinen osa el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4 Kreikassa esihistoriallisista ajoista l\u00e4htien, ja vesireitit ovat mahdollistaneet viestinn\u00e4n, kuljetuksen sek\u00e4 tavaroiden ja ideoiden vaihdon. Lis\u00e4ksi vesiss\u00e4 el\u00e4\u00e4 todella runsas kirjo sy\u00f6t\u00e4vi\u00e4 lajeja. Arkeologit ovat l\u00f6yt\u00e4neet kalojen ja nilvi\u00e4isten j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6ksi\u00e4 arkeologisista kohteista ymp\u00e4ri Kreikan rannikkoa ja my\u00f6s joistakin sis\u00e4maassa sijaitsevista paikoista. T\u00e4m\u00e4 todistaa, ett\u00e4 meri oli merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 ruoan l\u00e4hde Egeanmeren alueella ja sen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4 asuville esihistoriallisille kansoille. Franchthin mesoliittisen ajan asuinalueelta l\u00f6ytyi kokoelma nilvi\u00e4isi\u00e4, mukaan lukien merietanoita (Cerithium vulgatum<\/em>). Vastaavia l\u00f6yd\u00f6ksi\u00e4 on tehty my\u00f6s neoliittiselt\u00e4 kaudelta: 7. vuosituhannelta eKr. ja my\u00f6hemmin. Argolidan esihistorialliset asukkaat jatkoivat nilvi\u00e4isten ker\u00e4\u00e4mist\u00e4 senkin j\u00e4lkeen, kun neoliittisell\u00e4 kaudella siirryttiin maatalouteen. Merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 \u00e4yri\u00e4isl\u00f6yd\u00f6ksi\u00e4 on tehty neoliittiselt\u00e4 kaudelta (7.\u20134. vuosituhannella eKr.) per\u00e4isin olevilta asutusalueilta, ja vaikuttaa silt\u00e4, ett\u00e4 sek\u00e4 merenel\u00e4vi\u00e4 ett\u00e4 makean veden kaloja on sy\u00f6ty koko pronssikauden (4.\u20132. vuosituhannella eKr.) ajan ja historiallisiin aikoihin saakka. Esihistoriallisista kohteista on usein l\u00f6ydetty tiheit\u00e4 kasoja rannikolta ker\u00e4ttyj\u00e4 meren \u00e4yri\u00e4isi\u00e4, kuten syd\u00e4nsimpukoita (Cerastoderma edulis), simpukoita, piikikk\u00e4it\u00e4 ostereita (Spondylus gaederopus), partaveitsisimpukoita, silkkisimpukoita, kampasimpukoita, maljakotiloita ja merisiilej\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Kuva 1. Raakoja partaveitsisimpukoita tarjolla nykyaikaisessa makedonialaisessa kodissa, 2021. Valokuvan on lahjoittanut Christina Nikopoulou.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Arkeologisissa ja erityisesti el\u00e4inarkeologisissa tutkimuksissa on todettu, ett\u00e4 \u00e4yri\u00e4isi\u00e4 sy\u00f6tiin my\u00f6s koko Kreikan historiallisen ajanjakson ajan, aina 1. vuosituhannelta eKr. eteenp\u00e4in. Neoliittisell\u00e4 ja pronssikaudella sy\u00f6tyj\u00e4 nilvi\u00e4isi\u00e4, kuten merietanoita, maljakotiloita ja silkkisimpukoita, ker\u00e4ttiin my\u00f6hemminkin, kuten Poroksen Kalaureiassa sijaitsevan Poseidonin temppelin arkeologisissa kaivauksissa tehdyt l\u00f6yd\u00f6kset osoittavat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arkeologisten todisteiden lis\u00e4ksi my\u00f6s kirjallisuusl\u00e4hteet vahvistavat nilvi\u00e4isten laajamittaisen sy\u00f6nnin muinaisessa Kreikassa. Eri \u00e4yri\u00e4islajikkeet tunnettiin antiikin aikana useilla termeill\u00e4. Galenos (100-luvulla jKr.) erottelee Ruoka-aineisiin sis\u00e4ltyvist\u00e4 kyvyist\u00e4 -teoksessaan osterit muista \u00e4yri\u00e4isist\u00e4 niiden pehme\u00e4n lihan vuoksi, mink\u00e4 ansiosta niit\u00e4 voitiin sy\u00f6d\u00e4 raakana, ja mainitsee, ett\u00e4 vaikka ne eiv\u00e4t v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 ole erityisen ravitsevia, ne ovat kevyit\u00e4 ruoansulatukselle. Toisaalta h\u00e4n toteaa, ett\u00e4 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 <\/em>(pienill\u00e4 simpukoilla) ja \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03ba\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 <\/em>(er\u00e4\u00e4nlaisilla merietanoilla) on kova liha, joten ne kelpaavat sy\u00f6t\u00e4v\u00e4ksi vain keitettyin\u00e4, ja ett\u00e4 ne ovat ravinteikkaita, mutta melko raskaita ruoansulatukselle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Kuva 2. Raakoja partaveitsisimpukoita ja ostereita sitruunan kera valmiina tarjoiltavaksi nykyaikaisessa makedonialaisessa kodissa, 2021. Valokuvan on lahjoittanut Christina Nikopoulou.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nilvi\u00e4isi\u00e4 on sy\u00f6ty Kreikassa v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 10 000 vuoden ajan, mik\u00e4 on todella vaikuttava aika. Esimerkiksi silkkisimpukoilla, sinisimpukoilla ja partaveitsisimpukoilla on t\u00e4sm\u00e4lleen samat nimet modernissa kreikan kieless\u00e4, ja niit\u00e4 pidet\u00e4\u00e4n nykyisinkin herkkuna. Vaikka n\u00e4it\u00e4 \u00e4yri\u00e4isi\u00e4 ei ole aina helposti saatavilla kaupoissa, ne esiintyv\u00e4t usein paikallisia reseptej\u00e4 sis\u00e4lt\u00e4viss\u00e4 keittokirjoissa tai harvinaisissa perheresepteiss\u00e4. T\u00e4llaisia reseptej\u00e4 ovat esimerkiksi Lefkaksen silkkisimpukat ja chavarat (villisimpukat), plaki-maljakotilot ja kalognomes (er\u00e4\u00e4nlainen simpukka) ditalini-pastan kanssa Limnokselta, Stramonita haemastoma -kotilot ja maljakotilot lehtikaalin kera tai grillatut maljakotilot ja Codringtonia codringtoni -kotilot Volokselta sek\u00e4 Thessalian ja Makedonian simpukat erityisesti Thermaikoslahden ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6st\u00e4, jossa niit\u00e4 my\u00f6s ker\u00e4t\u00e4\u00e4n Chalkidikissa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e4hdeluettelo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osa edell\u00e4 esitetyist\u00e4 tiedoista on per\u00e4isin seuraavista l\u00e4hteist\u00e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalby, A.E. W. 1996. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mylona, Dimitra (2007) Fish-eating in Greece from the fifth century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. : a story of impoverished fisherman or luxurious fish banquets? Southamptonin yliopisto<\/em>, <\/em>tohtorin v\u00e4it\u00f6skirja<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0392\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 2014. \u038c\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (Aspects of Neolithic and Bronze Age diet and material culture in central Macedonia: the evidence from shell analyses). Teoksessa E. Stefani, N. Merousis, A. Dimoula (toim.), A century of research in prehistoric Macedonia. International Conference Proceedings. Thessalonikin arkeologinen museo, 22.\u201324. marraskuuta 2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theodoropoulou, T. (2023). Same sea, different catches. Exploring ecological variations vs. Human choices in prehistoric Mediterranean: The Aegean case. PALEO. Revue d’arch\u00e9ologie pr\u00e9historique<\/em>, (Hors-s\u00e9rie), 176-194.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Meri on ollut keskeinen osa el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4 Kreikassa esihistoriallisista…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16934,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[758,5284],"tags":[5364,1653],"class_list":["post-16950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fi","category-muinaiset-maut","tag-historialliset-viitteet","tag-ellada-fi"],"yoast_head":"\nKala ja \u00e4yri\u00e4iset \u2013 nilvi\u00e4iset - K\u00e4\u00e4nteinen maatalous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/kala-ja-ayriaiset-nilviaiset\/\" 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