{"id":16913,"date":"2025-12-08T11:05:53","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T11:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16913"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:16:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:16:13","slug":"sahrami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/sahrami\/","title":{"rendered":"Sahrami"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sahramia ei todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti ole s\u00e4ilynyt arkeologisissa kohteissa, mutta Santorinin saarella sijaitsevan Akrotirin kyl\u00e4n h\u00e4tk\u00e4hdytt\u00e4v\u00e4t l\u00f6yd\u00f6kset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 naiset ker\u00e4siv\u00e4t t\u00e4t\u00e4 kasvia jo 2. vuosituhannella eKr. L\u00f6yd\u00f6ksiin kuuluvat muun muassa Sahraminker\u00e4\u00e4j\u00e4t-nimell\u00e4 tunnettu sein\u00e4maalaus, jossa kaksi naista ker\u00e4\u00e4 sahramia kallioisessa maisemassa. Se l\u00f6ytyi rakennuksesta, joka tuhoutui Santorinin tulivuorenpurkauksessa noin vuonna 1600 eKr. Sahrami on ikuistettu my\u00f6s mykenel\u00e4isen kauden (n. 1350\u20131200 eKr.) lineaari-B-kirjoitusta sis\u00e4lt\u00e4viin kivitauluihin, joita on l\u00f6ydetty Kreetan Knossoksesta. Ne osoittavat, ett\u00e4 palatsi valvoi sen keruuta ja pyrki kasvattamaan ker\u00e4tt\u00e4vi\u00e4 ja varastoitavia m\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kuva 1. Sahramikasvin heteit\u00e4, Kozani, L\u00e4nsi-Makedonia. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Muinaisesta kreikkalaisesta kirjallisuudesta l\u00f6ytyy runsaasti viittauksia sahramiin. Jo 700-luvulta eKr. per\u00e4isin olevissa Homeroksen eepoksissa sana esiintyy yhdyssana-adjektiivissa krokopeplos<\/em>, jota k\u00e4ytettiin kuvaamaan aamunkoittoa kirkkaan keltaiseen huntuun k\u00e4\u00e4rittyn\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 kuvastaa sahramin v\u00e4ri\u00e4, joka on sama kuin taivaan v\u00e4ri aamunkoitteessa. Homeerisessa hymniss\u00e4 Demeterille sahrami on yksi monista kasveista, joita Persefone on ker\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4ss\u00e4 joutuessaan Haadeksen kaappaamaksi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Muinaisen Kreikan kirjallisissa l\u00e4hteiss\u00e4 on lukuisia viittauksia sahramin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n vaatteiden v\u00e4rj\u00e4\u00e4misess\u00e4. Katkelmassa, jonka Athenaios uskoo olevan per\u00e4isin Kypria-teoksesta (700-luvulla eKr.), mainitaan vaatteet, joita khariitit ja horat valmistivat ja v\u00e4rj\u00e4siv\u00e4t kev\u00e4tkukkien, kuten sahramin, v\u00e4reill\u00e4. 500-luvulla eKr. Pindaros puolestaan kuvaili vauvaik\u00e4isen Herakleen kapaloita sanoilla krokoton sparganon<\/em> (Nemean oodi 1.38) ilmeisesti siksi, ett\u00e4 h\u00e4nen mielest\u00e4\u00e4n niiden sahraminkeltainen v\u00e4ri sopii sankarin suuruuteen. Vastaavasti samoihin aikoihin kirjoittaneen Aiskhyloksen Persialaiset-n\u00e4ytelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 kuoro kuvaa kuningas Dareioksen jalkineita termill\u00e4 krokobapton<\/em> (”sahramilla v\u00e4rj\u00e4tty”). Agamemnon-teoksessa Ifigeneia on pukeutunut sahramilla v\u00e4rj\u00e4ttyyn kaapuun, kun Agamemnon johdattaa h\u00e4net Artemikselle uhrattavaksi. Aristofaneen komedioissa (400-luvulla eKr.) sahrami mainittiin usein naisten kaunistautumisen elementtin\u00e4 \u2013 joko keimailevan naisen hajuveten\u00e4 (Pilvet 51) tai viel\u00e4 useammin h\u00e4nen vaatteidensa v\u00e4rin\u00e4. N\u00e4ihin aikoihin menness\u00e4 sana krokotos<\/em> oli vakiintunut tarkoittamaan sahramilla v\u00e4rj\u00e4tty\u00e4 vaatetta (esim. Lysistrate-n\u00e4ytelm\u00e4ss\u00e4: krokotophorousai kai kekallopismenai<\/em>). Sahraminv\u00e4risist\u00e4 vaatteista tuli tunnuskuvallisia kohtauksissa, joissa kuvattiin miesten ristiinpukeutumista tai vihjailtiin naismaisuudesta pilkkaa tehden tai koomisesti (esim. Naistenjuhla<\/em> 253, 941, Naisten kansankokous<\/em> 332 ja teoksessa Sammakot<\/em> 45\u201346 jopa Dionysos-jumalaan viitaten).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kuva 2. Kozanilaisen sahramin heteit\u00e4, jotka on jauhettu ja liuotettu l\u00e4mpim\u00e4\u00e4n veteen. N\u00e4in sahramin aromi ja v\u00e4ri hy\u00f6dynnet\u00e4\u00e4n resepteiss\u00e4. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div>

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Sahramia k\u00e4ytettiin laajalti my\u00f6s l\u00e4\u00e4kinn\u00e4llisiin tarkoituksiin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 k\u00e4y ilmi useiden l\u00e4\u00e4ketieteellisten tekstien viittauksista jo Hippokrateen (400-luvulla eKr.) teoksissa, joissa sahrami on yhdistetty monissa resepteiss\u00e4 useisiin muihin aineksiin, usein tietyss\u00e4 suhteessa. My\u00f6s my\u00f6hempien l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4reiden kirjoituksissa sahrami mainitaan satoja kertoja. Esimerkkin\u00e4 t\u00e4st\u00e4 on Dioskurides (n. 40\u201390 jKr.), joka viittaa my\u00f6s sahramista valmistettuun voiteeseen nimelt\u00e4 krokomagma<\/em>. Vuosisata my\u00f6hemmin my\u00f6s Galenos mainitsee krokomagman<\/em>, mutta h\u00e4n tarkoittaa sill\u00e4 sahramia sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 l\u00e4\u00e4kett\u00e4. Paljon my\u00f6hemmin – 500-luvulla – l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4ri Aleksanteri Trallesin tekstiss\u00e4 krokomelon<\/em>-termi viittasi kvittenist\u00e4 ja sahramista valmistettuun siirappiin. Nykyisin sahrami on SAN-merkitty tuote, jota viljell\u00e4\u00e4n j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4llisesti L\u00e4nsi-Makedonian Kozanissa. Lis\u00e4ksi perinteisess\u00e4 kykladisessa ruuanlaitossa on reseptej\u00e4, joissa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n sahramin alkuper\u00e4islajiketta. On raportoitu, ett\u00e4 luonnonvaraista sahramia ker\u00e4ttiin Kimoloksen yl\u00e4ng\u00f6lt\u00e4. Viel\u00e4 viime vuosinakin sit\u00e4 on ker\u00e4tty Santorinilla pienemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 mittakaavassa. Kimoloksen perinteiset joululeiv\u00e4t maustetaan sahramilla. Niiden erityisess\u00e4 leivontaprosessissa sahramin kuivattuja heteit\u00e4 haudutetaan vedess\u00e4 useita tunteja. Sahramia k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n vastaavalla tavalla my\u00f6s Anafin p\u00e4\u00e4si\u00e4isleiviss\u00e4, joita varten heteet murskataan huhmareessa, liuotetaan veteen ja lis\u00e4t\u00e4\u00e4n taikinaan. Santorinilta, jossa sahramia ker\u00e4ttiin jo 2. vuosituhannella eKr., l\u00f6ytyy nykyisinkin sahramipohjaisia tuotteita, kuten pieni\u00e4 korppuja ja kserotigana-leivoksia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Sahramia ei todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti ole s\u00e4ilynyt arkeologisissa kohteissa, mutta…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16897,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[758,5284],"tags":[5364,1653],"class_list":["post-16913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fi","category-muinaiset-maut","tag-historialliset-viitteet","tag-ellada-fi"],"yoast_head":"\nSahrami - K\u00e4\u00e4nteinen maatalous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/sahrami\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fi_FI\" 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