{"id":16836,"date":"2025-12-08T10:16:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T10:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16836"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:18:15","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:18:15","slug":"kala-ja-ayriaiset-kala-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/kala-ja-ayriaiset-kala-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kala ja \u00e4yri\u00e4iset \u2013 Kala 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mesoliittisen kauden Kreikassa, kauan ennen maatalouden ja karjankasvatuksen alkamista ja sit\u00e4 seurannutta toimeentulon vallankumousta, paikalliset v\u00e4est\u00f6t ovat todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti olleet eritt\u00e4in riippuvaisia merest\u00e4 ja sen runsaista kala- ja \u00e4yri\u00e4issaaliista. Arkeologisista kohteista, kuten Franchthin luolasta Argolidassa ja Giouran Cyclops Cave -luolasta Alonissoksessa, on l\u00f6ydetty paljon j\u00e4\u00e4mi\u00e4 tonnikalan ruodoista. Viimeksi mainitun paikan el\u00e4inarkeologisiin l\u00f6yd\u00f6ksiin kuuluu tonnikalan lis\u00e4ksi uskomaton valikoima eri kalalajeja, kuten skorpionikala, hammasahven, meriahven ja makrilli. Kaivauksissa on l\u00f6ydetty my\u00f6s mesoliittiselta kaudelta per\u00e4isin olevia, luusta valmistettuja ongenkoukkuja. Vaikka kalan ja \u00e4yri\u00e4isten osuus arkeologisten l\u00f6yd\u00f6sten joukossa on suhteellisen v\u00e4h\u00e4inen, ne olivat kuitenkin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 osa Kreikan rannikolla el\u00e4neiden kansojen ruokavaliota. Neoliittisen kauden (7.\u20134. vuosituhannella eKr.) ja pronssikauden (4.\u20132. vuosituhannella eKr.) sek\u00e4 niit\u00e4 seuranneiden historiallisten kausien el\u00e4inarkeologisista materiaaleista on tunnistettu paljon erilaisia kaloja, jotka olivat per\u00e4isin merest\u00e4 tai makean veden ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ist\u00e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Kuva 2.1.a. \u00d6ljyyn s\u00e4il\u00f6ttyj\u00e4 kaloja, Thessaloniki 2025. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Muinaiset tekstit paljastavat, ett\u00e4 kalaa s\u00f6iv\u00e4t yleens\u00e4 ylemm\u00e4t yhteiskuntaluokat. T\u00e4m\u00e4 k\u00e4y ilmi esimerkiksi komediakirjailija Alexiksen (300\u2013200-luvuilla eKr.) teoksista, joita kirjailija Athenaios siteeraa. Er\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 kohdassa h\u00e4n jopa huomauttaa, ett\u00e4 jos k\u00f6yh\u00e4 ihminen ostaa kalaa, h\u00e4nen on t\u00e4ytynyt ry\u00f6st\u00e4\u00e4 joku edellisen\u00e4 iltana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tietyt kalat olivat antiikin aikana suosittuja, ja niit\u00e4 mainitaan usein muinaisissa teksteiss\u00e4. Yksi t\u00e4llainen esimerkki ovat ankeriaat, jotka mainittiin jo Ilias-eepoksessa. Arkhestratos (300-luvulla eKr.) kehuu kaikkia ankeriaita hyv\u00e4ksi ruoaksi, mutta mainitsee erikseen Etel\u00e4-Italiassa sijaitsevasta Messinan Rhegionin salmesta pyydetyt ankeriaat ja sanoo arvostavansa Boiotian Kopais-j\u00e4rvest\u00e4 sek\u00e4 Makedonian Strymon-joesta pyydystettyj\u00e4 ankeriaita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Kuva 2.1.b. Suolattuja kaloja, Thessaloniki 2025. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Suurten kalojen lis\u00e4ksi on l\u00f6ydetty merkkej\u00e4 my\u00f6s useista pienist\u00e4 kaloista, kuten hopeakyljist\u00e4, sardiineista, pienist\u00e4 pintavesiss\u00e4 el\u00e4vist\u00e4 kaloista (aphye) ja monista muista. N\u00e4it\u00e4 pieni\u00e4 kaloja eli runsaasti Attikassa Faliron alueella, ja niit\u00e4 on ilmeisesti kypsennetty nopeasti voimakkaalla avotulella, erityisesti aphye-kaloja. Kreikkalaisessa kirjallisuudessa viittaukset pienempiin kaloihin yleistyiv\u00e4t 400-luvulta eKr. l\u00e4htien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suosituin tapa s\u00e4il\u00f6\u00e4 kalaa antiikin aikoina oli suolaaminen. Athenaioksen s\u00e4ilytt\u00e4m\u00e4n komediarunoilija Alexiksen (300\u2013200-luvuilla eKr.) tekstinp\u00e4tk\u00e4n mukaan suolattuja kaloja my\u00f6s tuotiin Kreikkaan. T\u00e4m\u00e4 kaupank\u00e4ynti oli niin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4, ett\u00e4 t\u00e4llaisten kalojen tuojien pojille my\u00f6nnettiin Ateenan kansalaisuus. Muita s\u00e4il\u00f6nt\u00e4menetelmi\u00e4 olivat muun muassa erilaiset suolaamis- ja savustustavat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nykyaikaan asti ovat s\u00e4ilyneet antiikin aikojen valtava kirjo kalalajeja, niiden sy\u00f6ntitavat ja jopa monet niiden nimist\u00e4 \u2013 kuten my\u00f6s se, ett\u00e4 erityisesti suuret kalat ovat edelleen arvokasta herkkua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e4hdeluettelo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osa edell\u00e4 esitetyist\u00e4 tiedoista on per\u00e4isin seuraavista l\u00e4hteist\u00e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalby, A.E. W. 1996. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mylona, Dimitra (2007) Fish-eating in Greece from the fifth century BC to the seventh century AD : a story of impoverished fisherman or luxurious fish banquets? Southamptonin yliopisto<\/em>, <\/em>tohtorin v\u00e4it\u00f6skirja<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veropoulidou, Rena 2014. \u038c\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (Aspects of Neolithic and Bronze Age diet and material culture in central Macedonia: the evidence from shell analyses). Teoksessa E. Stefani, N. Merousis, A. Dimoula (toim.), A century of research in prehistoric Macedonia. International Conference Proceedings. Thessalonikin arkeologinen museo, 22.\u201324. marraskuuta 2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ja<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theodoropoulou, T. (2023). Same sea, different catches. Exploring ecological variations vs. Human choices in prehistoric Mediterranean: The Aegean case. PALEO. Revue d’arch\u00e9ologie pr\u00e9historique<\/em>, (Hors-s\u00e9rie), 176-194.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Mesoliittisen kauden Kreikassa, kauan ennen maatalouden ja karjankasvatuksen…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16813,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[758,5284],"tags":[5364,1653],"class_list":["post-16836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fi","category-muinaiset-maut","tag-historialliset-viitteet","tag-ellada-fi"],"yoast_head":"\nKala ja \u00e4yri\u00e4iset \u2013 Kala 2 - K\u00e4\u00e4nteinen maatalous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/kala-ja-ayriaiset-kala-2\/\" \/>\n<meta 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