{"id":16589,"date":"2025-12-01T10:41:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T10:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16589"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:20:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:20:13","slug":"mantelipuut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/mantelipuut\/","title":{"rendered":"Mantelipuut"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mantelipuita on kasvanut Kreikassa vuosituhansien ajan. N\u00e4m\u00e4 hedelm\u00e4puut kukkivat aikaisin, ja ne kuuluvatkin kev\u00e4\u00e4n ensimm\u00e4isiin merkkeihin. Mantelipuiden arkeobotanisia j\u00e4\u00e4nteit\u00e4 on l\u00f6ytynyt arkeologisten kaivausten aikana esimerkiksi Argolidan Franchthin ja Kreetan Knossoksen ja Chrysin kaltaisilta neoliittisilt\u00e4 ja pronssikautisilta alueilta. N\u00e4m\u00e4 l\u00f6yd\u00f6kset ovat yleens\u00e4 olleet hiiltyneit\u00e4 mantelin kuoria. Kreikassa el\u00e4nyt esihistoriallinen v\u00e4est\u00f6 todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti korjasi mantelisatoa, mutta ep\u00e4selv\u00e4\u00e4 on, olivatko ne karvasmanteleita vai jalostettuja ja viljeltyj\u00e4 versioita. Theofrastoksen Kasveja koskevia syit\u00e4<\/em> (300\u2013200-luvuilla eKr.) -teoksen mukaan mantelipuut olivat huomattavan pitk\u00e4ik\u00e4isi\u00e4, ja vanhemmat puut tuottivat enemm\u00e4n hedelmi\u00e4. Samassa teoksessa Theofrastos mainitsee my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 mantelipuut menestyiv\u00e4t my\u00f6s kivisess\u00e4 maaper\u00e4ss\u00e4, mutta hedelm\u00e4llisemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 maaper\u00e4ss\u00e4 sadot olivat runsaampia ja parempia. Aristoteles (300-luvulla eKr.) puolestaan mainitsi, ett\u00e4 mantelipuut tuottavat suurempia, makeampia ja pehme\u00e4mpi\u00e4 hedelmi\u00e4, jos niit\u00e4 lannoitetaan sian lannalla maaliskuussa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Kuva 1. Manteleita kuorineen. Mikri Mantineia, Messinia, elokuu 2016. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Muinaisesta kreikkalaisesta kirjallisuudesta l\u00f6ytyy viittauksia mantelipuihin ja niiden hedelmiin. Vaikka niit\u00e4 onkin suhteellisen v\u00e4h\u00e4n, ne tarjoavat kuitenkin n\u00e4kym\u00e4n manteleiden merkitykseen muinaisessa kreikkalaisessa ruokavaliossa. Mantelit mainitaan muinaisten komedioiden ruoka-aineluetteloissa esimerkiksi Ferekrateen (400-luvulla eKr.) ja Alexiksen (300-luvulla eKr.) teoksissa, mik\u00e4 osoittaa, ett\u00e4 niit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin antiikin aikana laajalti. Erityisesti Naxoksen mantelit n\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t olleen tuolloin varsin kuuluisia, mik\u00e4 k\u00e4y ilmi Eupolis- ja Frynikhos-nimisten komediakirjailijoiden teoksista (400-luvulla eKr.). Manteleita on ilmeisesti tuotu my\u00f6s ulkomailta. T\u00e4st\u00e4 on osoituksena komediarunoilija Hermippoksen (400-luvulla eKr.) maininta manteleista, jotka olivat per\u00e4isin Paflagoniasta, Mustanmeren etel\u00e4rannikolla sijaitsevalta V\u00e4h\u00e4n-Aasian alueelta. N\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 silt\u00e4, ett\u00e4 manteleita on nautittu usein hunajan ja viinin kera, mik\u00e4 k\u00e4y ilmi komediarunoilija Antifaneen (300-luvulla eKr). teoksesta. 200- ja 100-luvuilla eKr. el\u00e4nyt arkkitehti ja rakentaja Filon antaa Poliorcetica<\/em>-teoksessaan reseptin virkist\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n sekoitukseen, joka valmistetaan muun muassa hunajasta, seesaminsiemenist\u00e4 ja manteleista. Sanottiin, ett\u00e4 yksi kulaus t\u00e4t\u00e4 sekoitusta sai sotilaat jaksamaan marssilla ja varmisti ravinnonsaannin silloin, kun muonaa oli saatavilla niukasti. Se muistutti siis nykyp\u00e4iv\u00e4n energiapatukoita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Kuva 2. Makeita herkkuja, joissa on k\u00e4ytetty erilaisia manteleiden, seesaminsiementen ja hunajan yhdistelmi\u00e4, valmistettu Messiniassa ja ostettu Kalamatasta, elokuu 2021. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Aivan kuten antiikin aikaan, nykyisinkin mantelit ovat keskeinen ainesosa eri puolilla Kreikkaa valmistetuissa makeissa herkuissa. Niit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n jauhettuina kakuissa, t\u00e4ytteen\u00e4 filotaikinaleivoinnaisissa ja erityisesti kuuluisissa mantelikarkeissa, jotka ovat suosittuja Joonian- ja Egeanmeren saarilla sek\u00e4 joillakin Manner-Kreikan rannikkoalueilla. My\u00f6s manteleista, sokerista ja vedest\u00e4 valmistettu soumada-juoma on suosittu joillakin Kreikan saarilla ja koko V\u00e4limeren alueella. Muinaisissa teksteiss\u00e4 mainittua manteleiden ja hunajan yhdistelm\u00e4\u00e4 on saatavilla viel\u00e4 nykyisinkin pastelia muistuttavana herkkuna, jota myyd\u00e4\u00e4n niin paikallisissa puodeissa kuin supermarketeissakin. Jooniansaarilla kokonaisista, yleens\u00e4 sokerikuorrutteisista manteleista valmistetaan makeisia, joita paikalliset kutsuvat nimell\u00e4 mandoles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Mantelipuita on kasvanut Kreikassa vuosituhansien ajan. 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