{"id":16542,"date":"2025-12-01T10:09:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T10:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16542"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:22:20","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:22:20","slug":"viinikeksit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/viinikeksit\/","title":{"rendered":"Viinikeksit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vehn\u00e4 ja viini ovat olleet kreikkalaisen keitti\u00f6n perusraaka-aineita jo ammoisista ajoista l\u00e4htien. Kreikassa on viljelty useita viljalajikkeita 7. vuosituhannelta eKr. l\u00e4htien, mink\u00e4 osoittavat maan esihistoriallisista asutuskeskuksista l\u00f6ytyneet hiiltyneet j\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4t. Yksijyv\u00e4isvehn\u00e4, emmervehn\u00e4 ja Timopheevii-vehn\u00e4, puhumattakaan tavallisesta vehn\u00e4st\u00e4 ja durumvehn\u00e4st\u00e4 sek\u00e4 ohrasta, muodostivat kreikkalaisen ruokavalion perustan vuosituhansien ajan. N\u00e4iden viljojen rinnalla viinitarhoissa viljeltiin j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4llisesti viiniryp\u00e4leit\u00e4: alun perin villin\u00e4 kasvaneet ryp\u00e4leet jalostettiin viljelyyn ajan mittaan. Arkeologiset l\u00f6yd\u00f6kset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 5. vuosituhannelta eKr. l\u00e4htien Pohjois-Kreikassa kasvatettiin riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti ryp\u00e4leit\u00e4 punaviinin tuotantoa varten. Er\u00e4s todiste t\u00e4st\u00e4 on suuri m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ryp\u00e4leiden siemeni\u00e4 ja m\u00e4ski\u00e4, jotka l\u00f6ydettiin neoliittikauden talosta, joka tuhoutui tulipalossa noin vuonna 4&nbsp;300 eKr. Vehn\u00e4 ja viini olivat edelleen merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 asemassa pronssikaudella. Elint\u00e4rkein\u00e4 tuotteina ne n\u00e4kyiv\u00e4t usein mykenel\u00e4isten palatsien taloudellisissa tiedoissa, jotka oli kaiverrettu lineaari-B-kirjoitusta sis\u00e4lt\u00e4viin kivitauluihin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16534 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/490_P4180089-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Kuva 1. Yksinkertaiset ainesosat, maukkaat ruoat: yksijyv\u00e4isvehn\u00e4st\u00e4 tehdyt jauhot, ryp\u00e4lemelassi, lipe\u00e4 ja oliivi\u00f6ljy. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti, Chalkidikin vuoristo, 2011.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Historiallisina aikoina muinaiset kreikkalaiset kirjailijat viittasivat usein vehn\u00e4\u00e4n ja viiniryp\u00e4leisiin. He kuvailivat lukuisia vehn\u00e4pohjaisia reseptej\u00e4 sek\u00e4 ryp\u00e4lepohjaisia tuotteita, kuten viini\u00e4, viinietikkaa ja melassia. Viini ja viljat mainitaan jo Homeroksen Ilias-teoksessa 700-luvulla eKr. ruokavalion perustarvikkeina, jotka antavat voimaa ja rohkeutta. N\u00e4m\u00e4 kaksi peruselintarviketta esiintyv\u00e4t yhdess\u00e4 my\u00f6s Arkhilokhohksen (600-luvulla eKr.) tekstiss\u00e4, jossa kuvataan sotilaiden ottaneen leip\u00e4\u00e4 ja viini\u00e4 mukaan taisteluun. Muinaisessa kreikkalaisessa kirjallisuudessa on todella huimaava valikoima viljoihin ja ryp\u00e4leisiin pohjautuvia reseptej\u00e4, joista kenties kiehtovin on n\u00e4iden kahden yhdistelm\u00e4 nimelt\u00e4 <em>oinoutta<\/em>. Se l\u00f6ytyy Aristofaneen (400\u2013300-luvuilla eKr.) teoksesta Plutus, ja sen on tulkittu olevan makea herkku, joka valmistetaan jauhoista, viinist\u00e4 ja oliivi\u00f6ljyst\u00e4. My\u00f6hemmin Athenaios (100\u2013200-luvuilla jKr.) kuvailee samankaltaista kreetalaista leivonnaista, jota h\u00e4n kutsuu nimell\u00e4 <em>glykinas<\/em> teoksessaan Deipnosophistae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reseptin valmistustapaa koskevia yksityiskohtia on s\u00e4ilynyt niukasti, mutta ainesosien yhdistelm\u00e4 muistuttaa perinteisi\u00e4 jauhoista ja viinist\u00e4 valmistettavia keksej\u00e4 tai kakkuja, kuten Manner-Kreikassa ja rannikolla leivottavia methysmena-keksej\u00e4 tai viinikeksej\u00e4. Nykyisin n\u00e4m\u00e4 leivonnaiset makeutetaan yleens\u00e4 sokerilla, mutta muinaiset kreikkalaiset k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti ryp\u00e4lem\u00e4ski\u00e4 tai hunajaa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Vehn\u00e4 ja viini ovat olleet kreikkalaisen keitti\u00f6n perusraaka-aineita&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16534,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[758,5284],"tags":[5364,1653],"class_list":["post-16542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fi","category-muinaiset-maut","tag-historialliset-viitteet","tag-ellada-fi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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