{"id":16452,"date":"2025-12-01T08:42:04","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T08:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16452"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:30:25","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:30:25","slug":"mustasilmapavut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/mustasilmapavut\/","title":{"rendered":"Mustasilm\u00e4pavut"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kreikan ensimm\u00e4isiss\u00e4 maatalousyhteis\u00f6iss\u00e4 viljeltiin monenlaisia palkokasveja, kuten linssej\u00e4, herneit\u00e4, favaa, linssivirvil\u00e4\u00e4 ja monia muita. My\u00f6hemmin pronssikaudella (4.\u20132. vuosituhansilla eKr.) kreikkalaisten ruokavalioon tuli uusia lajikkeita, kuten h\u00e4rk\u00e4pavut, muita fava-lajikkeita ja harvinaisempana kikherneet. Viimeksi mainitut nousivat suurempaan suosioon historiallisina aikoina (1. vuosituhannelta eKr. eteenp\u00e4in) yhdess\u00e4 linssien kanssa, joita oli viljelty Kreikassa jo 7. vuosituhannelta eKr. l\u00e4htien. Ruokavalioon lis\u00e4ttiin my\u00f6s uusia palkokasvilajikkeita, kuten lupiini ja papu, joka tunnettiin nimell\u00e4 <em>dolichos<\/em> tai <em>phaselos<\/em>. Lupiineista l\u00f6ytyy todistusaineistoa sek\u00e4 muinaisesta kirjallisuudesta ett\u00e4 arkeobotanisista l\u00f6yd\u00f6ksist\u00e4. <em>Dolichos<\/em> kuitenkin tunnetaan t\u00e4ll\u00e4 hetkell\u00e4 vain kirjallisista l\u00e4hteist\u00e4, mink\u00e4 vuoksi on vaikea m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4\u00e4, miten kyseinen palkokasvi saapui Egeanmeren alueelle Afrikasta ja Aasiasta, miss\u00e4 se todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti jalostettiin viljelykasviksi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/487_20250827_124308-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16444 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/487_20250827_124308-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/487_20250827_124308-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/487_20250827_124308-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/487_20250827_124308-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/487_20250827_124308-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Kuva 1. Kuivattuja mustasilm\u00e4papuja ostettuna supermarketista Kalamatasta, tuontituote. Kuva: S.M. Valamoti, 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Dolichosin<\/em> tunnistaminen on edelleen haasteellista, sill\u00e4 se on mainittu muinaisissa teksteiss\u00e4 vain muutamia kertoja. Kielitieteilij\u00f6iden mukaan se ja <em>phaselos <\/em>ovat synonyymeja. Kuvaus <em>dolichos<\/em>-termi\u00e4 vastaavasta kasvista saattaa l\u00f6yty\u00e4 Theofrastoksen (300\u2013200-luvuilla eKr.) <em>Kasvioppi<\/em>-teoksesta, jossa h\u00e4n mainitsee, ett\u00e4 se kantaa hedelm\u00e4\u00e4 tukikepeill\u00e4 tuettuna. H\u00e4n mainitsee my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 <em>dolichos<\/em> eroaa muista senaikaisista hyvin tunnetuista palkokasveista, eli kikherneest\u00e4, linssivirvil\u00e4st\u00e4, linssist\u00e4, okrasta, herneest\u00e4, favasta, h\u00e4rk\u00e4pavusta ja lupiinista. Varmasti tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n, ett\u00e4 kyseess\u00e4 oli k\u00f6ynn\u00f6skasvi, joka vaati tukemista tuottaakseen hedelm\u00e4\u00e4. <em>Dolichos<\/em> mainittiin ensimm\u00e4isen kerran Hippokrateen teoksissa (400\u2013300-luvuilla eKr.), joissa sit\u00e4 kuvattiin yhdess\u00e4 okran (lathyrus-suvun versio) kanssa yhdeksi kaikkein ravitsevimmista ja helposti sulavimmista palkokasveista, toisin kuin h\u00e4rk\u00e4pavut ja herneet. Theofrastoksen mukaan sen ravitsemuksellisiin hy\u00f6tyihin kuului muihin palkokasveihin verrattuna v\u00e4h\u00e4isemm\u00e4t ilmavaivat. Komediarunoilija Anaxandrides (300-luvulla eKr.) mainitsee <em>dolichoksen<\/em> yhdess\u00e4 muiden palkokasvien, kuten h\u00e4rk\u00e4papujen, favan ja okran, kanssa. Galenoksen aikoihin <em>dolichos<\/em>-sanaa on ilmeisesti k\u00e4ytetty synonyymin\u00e4 <em>phaselos<\/em>-palkokasville, joka viljeltyn\u00e4 tarvitsi tukikeppej\u00e4. Viittaukset <em>dolichokseen<\/em> muinaisissa kreikkalaisissa teksteiss\u00e4 ovat suhteellisen harvinaisia ja osoittavat, ett\u00e4 sit\u00e4 kypsennettiin samalla tavalla kuin muita neoliittiselt\u00e4 kaudelta l\u00e4htien k\u00e4ytettyj\u00e4 palkokasveja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nykyp\u00e4iv\u00e4n Kreikassa kuivatut mustasilm\u00e4pavut ovat helposti saatavilla kaupasta, vaikka ne tuodaan yleens\u00e4 ulkomailta eik\u00e4 niit\u00e4 kasvateta Kreikassa. Ne ovat kuitenkin perusraaka-aine perinteisiss\u00e4 kreikkalaisissa ruoissa, ja niit\u00e4 valmistetaan eri tavoin. Niist\u00e4 valmistettavia ruokia ovat muun muassa Santassa Pontuksen alueella tarjoiltava mavromatosirv, mustasilm\u00e4pavut vehn\u00e4rouheen (korkoto) kera Peloponnesokselta sek\u00e4 Kykladien ja Jooniansaarten erilaiset reseptit, joissa mustasilm\u00e4papuja k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n yhdess\u00e4 mangoldin tai muiden sesongin vihanneksien kera (myronolachana). Limnoksella skordalia-tahnaa valmistetaan mustasilm\u00e4pavuista, mik\u00e4 osoittaa paikallisten perinteiden keitti\u00f6iden kyvyn yhdistell\u00e4 kotimaisia tuotteita uusilla innovatiivisilla tavoilla.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Kreikan ensimm\u00e4isiss\u00e4 maatalousyhteis\u00f6iss\u00e4 viljeltiin monenlaisia palkokasveja, kuten linssej\u00e4,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[758,5284],"tags":[5364,1653],"class_list":["post-16452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fi","category-muinaiset-maut","tag-historialliset-viitteet","tag-ellada-fi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site 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