{"id":15430,"date":"2025-07-09T08:00:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T08:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=15430"},"modified":"2026-01-07T10:34:51","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:34:51","slug":"kuivatut-viikunat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/kuivatut-viikunat\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuivatut viikunat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong><\/em>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viikunat ovat mahdollisesti yksi varhaisimmista ihmisen viljelyk\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n jalostamista hedelm\u00e4puulajeista. Niiden makeat hedelm\u00e4t houkuttelivat esihistoriallisia populaatioita aikana, jolloin makeus oli harvinaista. Kreikassa viikunoiden j\u00e4\u00e4nteit\u00e4 on l\u00f6ydetty arkeologisissa kaivauksissa sek\u00e4 neoliittikauden (7.\u20134. vuosituhannelta eKr.) ett\u00e4 pronssikauden (4.\u20132. vuosituhannelta eKr.) asutuskeskuksista. Varhaisimmat kirjalliset asiakirjat kreikan kielell\u00e4 ovat lineaari-B-kirjoitusta sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t kivitaulut, joiden avulla mykenel\u00e4iset pitiv\u00e4t kirjaa palatseihinsa saapuvista ja sielt\u00e4 l\u00e4htevist\u00e4 tuotteista. Ne osoittavat, ett\u00e4 viikunoita pidettiin elint\u00e4rke\u00e4n\u00e4 ruoka-annoksena, joka annettiin palatseissa ty\u00f6skenteleville ihmisille. Ne olivat n\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4sti esill\u00e4 my\u00f6s yhteisill\u00e4 aterioilla ja uskonnollisissa seremonioissa. Kreikan esihistoriallisissa maatalousyhteis\u00f6iss\u00e4 viikunoita pidettiin keskeisen\u00e4 ravintoaineiden l\u00e4hteen\u00e4, ja siell\u00e4 viikunoita todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti kuivattiin ja varastoitiin, jotta voitiin varmistaa niiden saatavuus ymp\u00e4ri vuoden. On kuitenkin huomattava, ett\u00e4 niihin aikoihin tuoreet viikunat pilaantuivat melko nopeasti, koska j\u00e4\u00e4hdytyskeinoja oli vain rajallisesti.

Kuivattuihin viikunoihin viitataan muinaisissa kreikkalaisissa teksteiss\u00e4 nimell\u00e4 ischas. Sofokleen (400\u2013300-luvuilla eKr.) ja Aristofaneen (300\u2013200-luvuilla eKr.) tekstit sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t kuvauksia kuivatuilla viikunoilla t\u00e4ytetyist\u00e4 varastoista, mik\u00e4 oli vaurauden merkki. Toisessa kohdassa kuivattuja viikunoita kuvattiin jopa hunajaa makeammiksi. Attika oli ilmeisesti tunnettu kuivatuista viikunoistaan. T\u00e4m\u00e4 perustuu viittauksiin Athenaioksen (100\u2013200-luvuilla jKr.) teoksessa Deipnosophistae, kun taas runoilija Hermippos (400-luvulla eKr.) kuvasi Rodoksen paikallisia kuivattuja viikunoita suurenmoisiksi ja eritt\u00e4in nautinnollisiksi. Komediakirjailija Amphis (300-luvulla eKr.) viittaa erityisesti Kimoloksen saaren viikunoihin. Ferekrates (400-luvulla eKr.) mainitsee teksteiss\u00e4\u00e4n sek\u00e4 paahdetut viikunat ett\u00e4 kuivatut mustat viikunat. L\u00e4\u00e4ketieteellisiss\u00e4 teksteiss\u00e4, kuten Hippokrateen aineistossa ja Dioskurideksen teoksissa, kuivatut viikunat luetellaan usein muiden l\u00e4\u00e4kevalmisteiden ainesosien joukossa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

My\u00f6s Aristofanes mainitsee viikunat usein teoksissaan sek\u00e4 jokap\u00e4iv\u00e4isess\u00e4 ett\u00e4 uskonnollisessa kontekstissa. H\u00e4nen Ampiaiset-teoksessaan nuori lapsi kerj\u00e4\u00e4 ep\u00e4onnistuneesti is\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4n kourallista kuivia viikunoita makeana herkkuna. Lysistrate-n\u00e4ytelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 h\u00e4n kuvaa Artemiin pyh\u00e4k\u00f6ss\u00e4 Brauronissa palvelevan nuoren tyt\u00f6n pitelem\u00e4\u00e4 vakallista kuivattuja viikunoita. Rikkaus-n\u00e4ytelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 Aristofanes mainitsee papin, joka takavarikoi kuivatut viikunat p\u00f6yd\u00e4st\u00e4, joka on t\u00e4ynn\u00e4 rituaaliin liittyvi\u00e4 tarjoiluja. Difiloksen tekstiss\u00e4 puolestaan mainitaan, ett\u00e4 kuivatut viikunat kuuluivat usein jumalille tarkoitettuihin uhrilahjoihin. Holargoksesta ja Elefsinasta l\u00f6ytyneiden kirjoituksien mukaan kuivatut viikunat olivat n\u00e4kyv\u00e4sti esill\u00e4 Thesmoforiassa, hedelm\u00e4llisyyden juhlassa, jossa viikunoita k\u00e4ytettiin mykenel\u00e4isten juhlallisuuksien tavoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Makeita, kuivattuja viikunoita tuotetaan edelleen kaikkialla Kreikassa, ja perinnett\u00e4 on jatkettu jo vuosituhansien ajan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Viikunat ovat mahdollisesti yksi varhaisimmista ihmisen viljelyk\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n jalostamista…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12351,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[758,5284],"tags":[5364,1653],"class_list":["post-15430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fi","category-muinaiset-maut","tag-historialliset-viitteet","tag-ellada-fi"],"yoast_head":"\nKuivatut viikunat - K\u00e4\u00e4nteinen maatalous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/kuivatut-viikunat\/\" \/>\n<meta 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