{"id":15416,"date":"2025-07-09T07:53:27","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T07:53:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=15416"},"modified":"2026-01-07T10:31:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:31:53","slug":"viikunat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/viikunat\/","title":{"rendered":"Viikunat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viikunat ovat makeita riippumatta siit\u00e4, miten niit\u00e4 k\u00e4sitell\u00e4\u00e4n. Niit\u00e4 onkin sy\u00f6ty V\u00e4limeren alueella esihistoriallisista ajoista l\u00e4htien. Kreikassa viikunoiden j\u00e4\u00e4nteit\u00e4 on l\u00f6ydetty neoliittikaudelta per\u00e4isin olevilta asutusalueilta (6000.\u20133000 eKr.) joko rikkoutuneina tai kokonaisina, varastoituina tulevaa k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 varten. Esimerkiksi Kyparissin 4000-luvulta eKr. per\u00e4isin olevasta neoliittikauden kyl\u00e4st\u00e4 Vasilikasta l\u00f6ytyi kymmeni\u00e4 kokonaisia viikunoita varastoituina kuoppaan. Viikunat olivat edelleen elint\u00e4rke\u00e4 viljelykasvi pronssikaudella: lineaari-B-kirjoitusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 kirjoitetuista kivitauluista on l\u00f6ytynyt kiehtovia viittauksia viikunoiden ja viinik\u00f6ynn\u00f6ksien yhteisviljelyyn. Vaikuttaa silt\u00e4, ett\u00e4 Mykenen palatseissa ty\u00f6skennelleille ihmisille annettiin viikunoita ruoka-annoksina. Samanaikaisesti viikunoita tarjottiin yhteis\u00f6llisill\u00e4 aterioilla ja osana uskonnollisia rituaaleja. Kivitauluissa on my\u00f6s runsaasti tietoja suurista viikunam\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4, mik\u00e4 on osoitus j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4llisest\u00e4 viljelyst\u00e4 ja tuotannosta. Oletettavasti viikunoita k\u00e4ytettiin esihistoriallisten viinien makeuttamiseen.

Homeros mainitsee Odysseiassa (700-luvulla eKr.), ett\u00e4 kuningas Alkinoosin ja Odysseuksen is\u00e4n kuningas Laertesin hedelm\u00e4tarhat olivat t\u00e4ynn\u00e4 viikuna-, oliivi-, granaattiomena- ja omenapuita sek\u00e4 ryp\u00e4lek\u00f6ynn\u00f6ksi\u00e4. Homeros toteaakin, ett\u00e4 lapsena Odysseus sai is\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4n hedelm\u00e4puita, mukaan lukien viikunapuun. Viikunat mainitaan my\u00f6s 600-luvulla eKr. el\u00e4neen runoilijan Arkhilokhoksen s\u00e4keiss\u00e4. Yhdess\u00e4 runossaan h\u00e4n maalaa mielikuvan kallioisessa maaper\u00e4ss\u00e4 kasvavasta viikunapuusta, jonka hedelmi\u00e4 varikset poimivat.

Aikana, jolloin sokeria ei tunnettu ja hunajan kaltaiset makeutusaineet olivat ylellisyystuotteita, viikunat olivat merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 kulinaarisessa asemassa. Muinaiset kreikkalaiset kirjailijat ovat kirjoittaneet laajalti viikunoiden h\u00e4mm\u00e4stytt\u00e4v\u00e4st\u00e4 mausta. 700-luvulla eKr. kirjoittanut Homeros kuvailee viikunoita sanalla glykerai<\/em>, joka viittaa niiden makeuteen. Runoilija Ksenofanes (600-luvulla eKr.) vertaa viikunoiden makeutta hunajaan ja toteaa, ett\u00e4 jos jumalat eiv\u00e4t olisi antaneet ihmisille hunajaa, viikunat olisivat ottaneet sen paikan. 300- ja 200-lukujen eKr. komediakirjailijat mainitsivat viikunat s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisesti muiden ruoka-aineiden joukossa. Viittauksia hedelm\u00e4n ravintoarvoon l\u00f6ytyy jopa aiemmista teksteist\u00e4, kuten jambisen runoilijan Ananiuksen (500-luvulla eKr.) katkelmassa. Siin\u00e4 todetaan, ett\u00e4 jos kolme ihmist\u00e4 sinet\u00f6it\u00e4isiin kultaa ja viikunoita sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n huoneeseen, ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4isi, kuinka arvokkaita n\u00e4m\u00e4 asiat todella olivat. Tekstit osoittavat selv\u00e4sti, ett\u00e4 viikunoita oli olemassa erikokoisina lajikkeina. Vaatimattomamman kokoiset lajikkeet olivat kaikkien saatavilla, ja niit\u00e4 pidettiin k\u00f6yh\u00e4n miehen hedelmin\u00e4, kuten on n\u00e4ht\u00e4viss\u00e4 500-luvulla eKr. el\u00e4neen kirjailijan Hipponaksin teoksessa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Viikunat ovat makeita riippumatta siit\u00e4, miten niit\u00e4 k\u00e4sitell\u00e4\u00e4n….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[758,5284],"tags":[5364,1653],"class_list":["post-15416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoria-fi","category-muinaiset-maut","tag-historialliset-viitteet","tag-ellada-fi"],"yoast_head":"\nViikunat - K\u00e4\u00e4nteinen maatalous<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/viikunat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fi_FI\" 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