{"id":15342,"date":"2025-07-09T07:35:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T07:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=15342"},"modified":"2026-01-07T10:23:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:23:24","slug":"oliivipuut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/fi\/oliivipuut\/","title":{"rendered":"Oliivipuut"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oliivipuita on kasvanut V\u00e4limeren alueella vuosituhansien ajan. Santorinista on l\u00f6ydetty noin 40 000 vuotta vanhoja kivettyneit\u00e4 oliivinlehti\u00e4. Kreetalla tehdyt arkeologiset kaivaukset ovat paljastaneet j\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6ksi\u00e4, kuten oliivipuuta ja 5. vuosituhannen eKr. ekosysteemeihin ulottuvia oliivin kivi\u00e4. My\u00f6s Peloponnesoksen alueella on tehty hiukan tuoreempia l\u00f6yd\u00f6ksi\u00e4. Vaikuttaa silt\u00e4, ett\u00e4 oliivit on tuotu Pohjois-Egeanmeren alueelle hieman my\u00f6hemmin esihistoriallisella kaudella. Siell\u00e4 ensimm\u00e4iset j\u00e4ljet oliivinviljelyst\u00e4 ovat j\u00e4ljet siitep\u00f6lyst\u00e4 ja oliivipuusta, ja ne ovat per\u00e4isin 3. ja 2. vuosituhannelta eKr. Pronssikaudella oliiveja viljeltiin Etel\u00e4-Kreikassa niist\u00e4 saatavan \u00f6ljyn vuoksi. Sen j\u00e4lkeen \u00f6ljy\u00e4 vietiin halki V\u00e4limeren alueen, ja sit\u00e4 kuljetettiin erityisiss\u00e4 saviastioissa, jotka tunnetaan jalustinkannuina. Oliivit ja oliivi\u00f6ljy mainitaan my\u00f6s lineaari-B-kirjoituksella kirjoitetuissa kivitauluissa, jotka ovat per\u00e4isin 2. vuosituhannen eKr. j\u00e4lkimm\u00e4iselt\u00e4 puoliskolta. My\u00f6s Homeros mainitsee Odysseiassa lehdot, joissa kasvaa oliiveja ja muita puita, kuten p\u00e4\u00e4ryn\u00f6it\u00e4, omenoita ja granaattiomenoita.

Oliivit liittyv\u00e4t tiiviimmin oliivi\u00f6ljyn tuotantoon, mutta itse hedelm\u00e4t olivat erityisen suosittuja muinaisessa Kreikassa, ja sy\u00f6t\u00e4v\u00e4ksi tarkoitettuja oliiveja oli tarjolla valtava valikoima erilaisia valmisteita, ja laatuja eri paikoista. Esimerkiksi Aristofanes (300\u2013200-luvuilla eKr.) mainitsee kaksi kertaa termin thlasti<\/em>, joka viittaa er\u00e4\u00e4nlaiseen halkaistuun oliiviin. Toisessa n\u00e4ist\u00e4 tapauksista h\u00e4n jopa toteaa, ett\u00e4 ne olivat parempia kuin almada<\/em>, suolaveteen s\u00e4il\u00f6tyt oliivit. Runoilija Eupolis, joka asui Ateenassa 400-luvulla eKr., sek\u00e4 my\u00f6hemm\u00e4t kirjoittajat, kuten Arkhestratos (300-luvulla eKr.), mainitsevat termin drypepis<\/em>, joka tarkoittaa puihin kypsym\u00e4\u00e4n j\u00e4tettyj\u00e4 oliiveja. Muinaiset kreikkalaiset k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t todella monenlaisia oliiveja: niit\u00e4 olivat esimerkiksi thlasti<\/em>, almada<\/em>, drypepis<\/em>, gergerimon<\/em>, pityrin<\/em> ja lefki<\/em>. Runoilija Kallimakhos mainitsee 300-luvulta eKr. per\u00e4isin olevassa kirjoituksessaan termit gergerimon<\/em> (oliivit, joita oli kypsytetty niin pitk\u00e4\u00e4n, ett\u00e4 niiden hedelm\u00e4liha muistutti luumua), pityrin<\/em> (joka tarkoitti eritt\u00e4in pieni\u00e4 oliiveja) ja lefki <\/em>(joka tarkoitti vaaleita oliiveja). Kallimakhoksen mukaan t\u00e4llaiset oliivit s\u00e4il\u00f6ttiin suolaveteen. Runoilija k\u00e4ytti my\u00f6s h\u00e4tk\u00e4hdytt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 termi\u00e4 kolymvades<\/em>, uimarit, jolla h\u00e4n kuvasi suolaveteen s\u00e4il\u00f6ttyj\u00e4 ja aterioiden lis\u00e4kkein\u00e4 tarjottavia oliiveja. N\u00e4it\u00e4 oliiveja kutsuttiin my\u00f6s nimell\u00e4 almades<\/em>, joka on Aristofaneen teksteiss\u00e4\u00e4n k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4 termi. Historioitsija Polybios (100-luvulla eKr.) kuvaa huomattavan suurta vaihtelua oliivilajikkeiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4: h\u00e4n vertaa niiden kokoa k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 termi\u00e4 goggyles<\/em>, joka tarkoittaa todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti suurta oliivia, ja libyalaisia persimoneja.

Nykyisin, tuhansia vuosia my\u00f6hemmin, suurilla vihreill\u00e4 oliiveilla, Thasoksen kurttuisilla throuba<\/em>-oliiveilla ja antiikinaikaisen nimens\u00e4 s\u00e4ilytt\u00e4neill\u00e4 almades<\/em>-oliiveilla on edelleen merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 rooli kreikkalaisessa ruokap\u00f6yd\u00e4ss\u00e4. Manin ja muiden Kreikan alueiden murretut oliivit, jotka on valmistettu murskaamalla oliivit kivill\u00e4 ennen k\u00e4sittely\u00e4, muistuttavat muinaisia halkaistuja oliiveja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Oliivipuita on kasvanut V\u00e4limeren alueella vuosituhansien ajan. 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