{"id":18466,"date":"2025-10-15T10:47:21","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:47:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=18466"},"modified":"2026-01-08T12:56:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T12:56:53","slug":"die-wildbirne-gortza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/de\/die-wildbirne-gortza\/","title":{"rendered":"Die Wildbirne (Gortza)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Abbildung\u00a01. Verkohlte ganze Wildbirnen aus der neolithischen Siedlung Dikili Tash, 4.300 v. Chr. Aus S. M. Valamoti, 2023, Plant Foods of Greece, University of Alabama Press. Foto von S.\u00a0M. Valamoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilde Birnb\u00e4ume findet man in vielen Landschaften Griechenlands \u2013 ob in Baumgruppen auf Lichtungen oder inmitten von Feldern, wo sie im Sommer angenehmen Schatten spenden und im November ihre kleinen, sehr aromatischen Fr\u00fcchte tragen. Die Fr\u00fcchte des wilden Birnbaums wurden auch an pr\u00e4historischen St\u00e4tten gefunden, wobei der beeindruckendste Fund in einem neolithischen Dorf namens Dikili Tash in der nordostgriechischen Gemeinde Kavala unweit des antiken Philippi gemacht wurde. Dort fand man in einem Haus, das um 4.300 v. Chr. durch einen Brand zerst\u00f6rt wurde, ein gro\u00dfes Gef\u00e4\u00df, das mit ganzen wilden Birnen gef\u00fcllt war. Diese wurden von den neolithischen Bewohnern der Siedlung eingelagert, bevor das Feuer das Haus niederbrannte, und sind bis heute im Boden erhalten geblieben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18467 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-2-2-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>Wilder Birnbaum vor dem Dorf Palaiokastro in Chalkidiki, November 2024. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Foto von S. M. Valamoti<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In der griechischen Antike ist der wilde Birnbaum bereits seit Homer (8. Jahrhundert v. Chr.) bekannt, denn er wird in der Odyssee als <em>\u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2<\/em> erw\u00e4hnt. Derselbe Baum wird jedoch auch <em>\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/em> genannt. Theophrastos beschreibt in seinem Werk <em>\u00dcber die Geschichte der Pflanzen<\/em> im 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. die Eigenschaften des Baumes und unterscheidet dabei zwischen den wilden Birnb\u00e4umen der Ebenen und denen der Bergregionen; erstere sollen die besseren Fr\u00fcchte und das bessere Holz liefern. Sophokles (5. Jahrhundert v. Chr.) beschreibt die Wildbirne in seinem Werk <em>\u00d6dipus auf Kolonos<\/em> als einen beeindruckenden Baum voller Dornen, der als Wahrzeichen eines Ortes angesehen werden kann. Homer erw\u00e4hnt in der <em>Odyssee<\/em> die dornigen Zweige der Wildbirne als Hauptmaterial f\u00fcr den Bau eines Zauns f\u00fcr den Schweinestall des Eumaios, w\u00e4hrend Theokritos im 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. ihr Holz als besonders f\u00fcr Brennholz geeignet lobt. Die Fr\u00fcchte des Baumes werden von Aristophanes (5.\u20134. Jahrhundert v. Chr.) in <em>Die Weibervolksversammlung<\/em> in einem Witz erw\u00e4hnt, der Verstopfung mit dem Verzehr von Wildbirnen in Verbindung bringt. Verweise auf die Fr\u00fcchte des wilden Birnbaums sind in den Jahren nach Homer vor allem in der komischen Dichtung h\u00e4ufig anzutreffen. So haben wir neben der Erw\u00e4hnung durch Aristophanes eine anschauliche Beschreibung des alten Protagonisten in Menandros\u2019 Werk <em>Dyskolos<\/em>, der, als ihm die Steine f\u00fcr seine Schleuder ausgehen, stattdessen wilde Birnen verwendet \u2013 was die H\u00e4rte der Fr\u00fcchte verdeutlicht. Theophrastos wiederum berichtet, dass die wilden Birnen im Herbst oder im Winter reiften und besser dufteten als gez\u00fcchtete Sorten. Die Fr\u00fcchte wurden von <em>\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2<\/em> (Achradopoles) verkauft, wie aus einem Ausschnitt eines Werks des Kom\u00f6diendichters Nikophon (5.\u20134. Jahrhundert v. Chr.) hervorgeht. Zudem sind verschiedene Beschreibungen ihrer Eigenschaften \u00fcberliefert: Reife Winterbirnen erleichtern die Verdauung, w\u00e4hrend rohe Birnen adstringierend wirken, wie aus der hippokratischen Schrift <em>\u00dcber die Di\u00e4t<\/em> hervorgeht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>Vor dem Dorf Palaiokastro in Chalkidiki gesammelte Wildbirnen, November 2024. Foto von S. M. Valamoti<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-2-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18475 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/479_\u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1-\u0391\u03c7\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1-\u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1-\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1-3-2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Heute sind \u201eGortza\u201c kaum noch im Handel zu finden; die Fr\u00fcchte sind trotzdem in vielen Teilen Griechenlands bekannt und werden nach wie vor gesammelt und verwendet. In der Region Grevena wurde die Herstellung von Petimezi aus wilden Birnen dokumentiert: Man hofft, dass das Rezept nicht verloren geht, auch wenn die Generation, die mit den traditionellen Verwendungszwecken der Fr\u00fcchte des wildwachsenden Birnbaums vertraut ist, langsam verschwindet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abbildung\u00a01. Verkohlte ganze Wildbirnen aus der neolithischen Siedlung Dikili Tash, 4.300 v. Chr. Aus S. M. Valamoti, 2023, Plant Foods&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15182,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5286,760],"tags":[1683,5366],"class_list":["post-18466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antike-geschmaecker","category-istoria-de","tag-ellada-de","tag-historische-quellen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Die Wildbirne (Gortza) - Umgekehrte Landwirtschaft<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/de\/die-wildbirne-gortza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Die Wildbirne (Gortza) - Umgekehrte Landwirtschaft\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abbildung\u00a01. 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