{"id":16952,"date":"2025-12-09T09:32:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T09:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16952"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:14:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:14:33","slug":"die-schalentiere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/de\/die-schalentiere\/","title":{"rendered":"Die Schalentiere"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soultana-Maria Valamoti<\/strong>, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schon seit pr\u00e4historischer Zeit spielte das Meer eine zentrale Rolle im Leben der griechischen Bev\u00f6lkerung, sowohl als Kommunikationsmittel, f\u00fcr Reisen und den Austausch von Waren und Ideen als auch als bedeutende, vielf\u00e4ltige Nahrungsquelle. Die Nutzung der marinen Nahrungsressourcen durch pr\u00e4historische Gemeinschaften der \u00c4g\u00e4is, an der K\u00fcste sowie teilweise auch im Landesinneren, l\u00e4sst sich anhand von Fisch- und Schalentierresten in arch\u00e4ologischen Fundst\u00e4tten belegen. In Franchthi aus dem Mesolithikum ist das Sammeln von Schalentieren wie der Gemeinen Nadelschnecke (Cerithium vulgatum) nachgewiesen. Dies setzte sich auch im darauffolgenden Neolithikum ab der Mitte des 7. Jahrtausends v. Chr. sowie in sp\u00e4teren Epochen fort. Offenbar sammelten die pr\u00e4historischen Bewohner von Argolis trotz des wichtigen \u00dcbergangs zum Ackerbau im Neolithikum weiterhin die gleichen Weichtiere. Das Vorliegen von Fischen und Meeresfr\u00fcchten in Siedlungen, die bis in die Jungsteinzeit (7.\u20134. Jahrtausend v. Chr.) zur\u00fcckreichen, ist von Bedeutung, und diese Praxis wurde in der Bronzezeit (4.\u20132. Jahrtausend v. Chr.) und in den darauffolgenden Jahren mit einer gro\u00dfen Vielfalt an F\u00e4ngen aus dem Meer und aus S\u00fc\u00dfwasser fortgesetzt. Pr\u00e4historische Fundst\u00e4tten enthalten oft reiche Ansammlungen von Muschelschalen, die an der K\u00fcste gesammelt wurden, wie beispielsweise Herzmuscheln (Cerastoderma edulis<\/em>), Venusmuscheln, Napfschnecken, Schwertmuscheln, Steckmuscheln, Jakobsmuscheln, Seeigel usw.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abbildung 1. Rohe Schwertmuscheln, angerichtet auf einem Tisch in einem zeitgen\u00f6ssischen Haushalt in Makedonien, 2021. Foto: Mit freundlicher Genehmigung von Christina Nikopoulou<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Arch\u00e4ologische Forschungen und spezielle zooarch\u00e4ologische Studien belegen den andauernden Verzehr von Schalentieren in Griechenland auch in historischer Zeit im 1. Jahrtausend v. Chr. Schalentiere, die in der Jungsteinzeit und in der Bronzezeit gesammelt wurden, wurden auch in historischer Zeit verzehrt, wie beispielsweise die Gemeine Nadelschnecke, Napfschnecken, Steckmuscheln usw. zeigen, wie etwa in den arch\u00e4ologischen Funden aus dem Heiligtum des Poseidon in Kalavria auf Poros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der Verzehr von Schalentieren im antiken Griechenland ist durch zahlreiche Erw\u00e4hnungen in antiken Texten belegt. Schalentiere wurden im antiken Griechenland mit einer Vielzahl von Begriffen bezeichnet, die den verschiedenen Arten entsprechen. Galen (2. Jahrhundert n. Chr.) unterscheidet in seinem Werk Die Kr\u00e4fte der Nahrungsmittel<\/em> Austern von allen anderen Schalentieren dadurch, dass sie weiches Fleisch haben, sodass sie roh gegessen werden k\u00f6nnen und, obwohl sie nicht sehr nahrhaft f\u00fcr den K\u00f6rper sind, dennoch magenschonend sind. Im Gegensatz dazu haben die \u00fcbrigen, so erw\u00e4hnt er, kleinen Muscheln, Schwertmuscheln, Turbanschnecken, Purpurschnecken und Wellhornschnecken<\/em> (eine Art Meeresschnecke) festes Fleisch, w\u00fcrden nur gekocht verzehrt und seien zwar nahrhaft, aber schwer verdaulich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Abbildung 2. Schwertmuscheln und Austern, zum Verzehr bereit, roh, mit Zitrone, in einem zeitgen\u00f6ssischen Haushalt in Makedonien, 2021. Foto: Mit freundlicher Genehmigung von Christina Nikopoulou<\/p>\n<\/div>

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Der andauernde Verzehr von Weichtieren in Griechenland ist beeindruckend und l\u00e4sst sich \u00fcber mindestens 10.000 Jahre zur\u00fcckverfolgen. Einige von ihnen tragen im Neugriechischen noch immer dieselben Namen, z. B. Pinna (Steckmuschel), Mydi (Miesmuschel), Solinas (Schwertmuschel), allesamt Meeresfr\u00fcchte, die auch heute noch als exquisite Vorspeisen gelten. Viele dieser Arten sind im Handel schwer zu beschaffen, finden sich aber in Kochb\u00fcchern mit lokalen Rezepten oder in seltenen Aufzeichnungen von Familienrezepten, wie zum Beispiel Steckmuscheln und Wildmuscheln in Lefkada, Napfschnecken plaki und Kalogonomes (eine Muschelart) mit kurzen Spaghetti in Limnos, Porphyra und Napfschnecken mit Amaranth oder auf Holzkohle gegrillte Porphyra in Volos, Muscheln in Thessalien und Makedonien, insbesondere rund um den Thermaischen Golf, wo sie gez\u00fcchtet werden, und in Chalkidiki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Literatur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein Teil der Informationen ist aus den folgenden Texten entnommen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalby, A.E. W. 1996. Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mylona, Dimitra (2007) Fish-eating in Greece from the fifth century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. : a story of impoverished fisherman or luxurious fish banquets? University of Southampton<\/em>, <\/em>Doktorarbeit<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rena Veropoulidou 2014. \u038c\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 (Aspekte der Ern\u00e4hrung und materiellen Kultur im Neolithikum und der Bronzezeit in Zentralmakedonien: Erkenntnisse aus Muschelanalysen). Im Band E. Stefani, N. Merousis, A. Dimoula (Hrsg.), A century of research in prehistoric Macedonia. International Conference Proceedings. Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, 22\u201324 November 2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n

und<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theodoropoulou, T. (2023). Same sea, different catches. Exploring ecological variations vs. Human choices in prehistoric Mediterranean: The Aegean case. PALEO. Revue d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie pr\u00e9historique<\/em>, (Sonderausgabe), 176\u2013194.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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