{"id":16591,"date":"2025-12-01T10:41:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T10:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16591"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:20:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:20:28","slug":"der-mandelbaum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/de\/der-mandelbaum\/","title":{"rendered":"Der Mandelbaum"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Mandelbaum ist seit Jahrtausenden in Griechenland einheimisch. Er bl\u00fcht als einer der ersten fruchttragenden B\u00e4ume im Jahr und l\u00e4utet den Fr\u00fchlingsanfang ein. Arch\u00e4obotanische \u00dcberreste von Mandelb\u00e4umen wurden in arch\u00e4ologischen St\u00e4tten aus der Jungsteinzeit und der Bronzezeit gefunden, beispielsweise in Franchthi in Argolis, in Knossos und in Chrysi auf Kreta. Dabei handelt es sich meist um verkohlte Schalen der Frucht des Mandelbaums. M\u00f6glicherweise sammelten die pr\u00e4historischen Bewohner Griechenlands die Frucht des Mandelbaums, obwohl wir nicht feststellen k\u00f6nnen, ob es sich dabei um Bittermandeln oder um Fr\u00fcchte von kultivierten Mandelb\u00e4umen handelte. Laut Theophrastus in seinem Werk <em>\u00dcber die Entstehung der Pflanzen<\/em> (4.\u20133.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr.) hat der Mandelbaum eine lange Lebenserwartung, und die \u00e4ltesten B\u00e4ume sind die ertragreichsten. In diesem Werk erw\u00e4hnt Theophrastus zudem, dass der Mandelbaum auch auf kargen B\u00f6den gedeiht. Er weist jedoch darauf hin, dass die Mandelproduktion in fruchtbaren B\u00f6den reich und von hoher Qualit\u00e4t ist. In einer Passage bei Aristoteles (4.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr.) ist tats\u00e4chlich zu lesen, dass die Mandeln durch die D\u00fcngung des Mandelbaums mit Mist, insbesondere Schweinemist, im M\u00e4rz gr\u00f6\u00dfer, s\u00fc\u00dfer und zarter wurden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_A\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16575 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_A\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_A\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_A\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_A\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_A\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Abbildung&nbsp;1. Mandeln mit Schale und Fruchth\u00fclle. Mikri Mantineia in Messenien, August 2016. Foto von S. M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Mandelb\u00e4ume und Mandeln werden in Texten antiker griechischer Autoren erw\u00e4hnt. Obwohl diese Hinweise nicht zahlreich sind, erm\u00f6glichen sie es uns, einige ihrer Verwendungen in der antiken Ern\u00e4hrung zu ermitteln. Mandeln werden in Listen von Nahrungsmitteln antiker Kom\u00f6dien erw\u00e4hnt, beispielsweise bei Pherekrates (5.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr.) und Alexis (4.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr.), sie waren also in der Antike ein weit verbreitetes Nahrungsmittel. Zwei Passagen der Kom\u00f6diendichter Eupolis und Phrynichus (5.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr.) zufolge waren die Mandeln von Naxos besonders ber\u00fchmt. Allerdings wurden Mandeln auch aus anderen Regionen importiert, wie aus einer Passage des Kom\u00f6diendichters Hermippus (5.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr.) hervorgeht, die den Import von Mandeln aus Paphlagonien erw\u00e4hnt, einer Region in Kleinasien an der S\u00fcdk\u00fcste des Schwarzen Meeres und im Landesinneren. Offenbar wurden Mandeln oft mit Honig als Beilage zum Wein verzehrt, wie beispielsweise aus einer Passage des Komikers Antiphanes aus dem 4.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr. hervorgeht. Der Konstrukteur Philo aus dem 3.\u20132.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr. liefert in seinem Werk Belagerung ein Rezept f\u00fcr ein St\u00e4rkungsmittel, das unter anderem aus Honig, Sesam und Mandeln bestand, wobei ein Bissen davon die Truppen ausreichend ern\u00e4hren und in Zeiten der Nahrungsmittelknappheit wirksam sein konnte \u2013 \u00e4hnlich wie heutige Energieriegel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Abbildung&nbsp;2. S\u00fc\u00dfspeisen mit verschiedenen Kombinationen aus Mandeln, Sesam und Honig, erworben in Kalamata, zubereitet in Messenien, August 2021. Foto von S. M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_\u0391\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u039c\u0395\u039b\u0399-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16583 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_\u0391\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u039c\u0395\u039b\u0399-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_\u0391\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u039c\u0395\u039b\u0399-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_\u0391\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u039c\u0395\u039b\u0399-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_\u0391\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u039c\u0395\u039b\u0399-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_\u0391\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u039c\u0395\u039b\u0399-2048x1151.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/492_\u0391\u039c\u03a5\u0393\u0394\u0391\u039b\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u039c\u0395\u039b\u0399-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Wie auch in der Antike sind Mandeln auch heute noch in vielen Regionen Griechenlands eine Zutat in S\u00fc\u00dfigkeiten \u2013 entweder gemahlen in Kuchen, als Zutat in Geb\u00e4ck mit Filoteig und Sirup oder in den ber\u00fchmten Amygdalota auf den ionischen und den \u00e4g\u00e4ischen Inseln sowie in den K\u00fcstengebieten auf dem griechischen Festland. Soumada, ein Getr\u00e4nk aus gemahlenen Mandeln, Zucker und Wasser, ist an verschiedenen Orten auf den griechischen Inseln und im Mittelmeerraum zu finden. Die Kombination aus Mandeln und Honig, die in antiken Texten erw\u00e4hnt wird, wird auch heute noch zubereitet und ist in vielen lokalen Obst- und Gem\u00fcsel\u00e4den und Superm\u00e4rkten in Form von Riegeln wie Pasteli erh\u00e4ltlich. Auf den Ionischen Inseln finden sich ganze, meist mit Zucker \u00fcberzogene Mandeln, die dort unter ihrem italienischen Namen Mantoles bekannt sind.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Der Mandelbaum ist seit Jahrtausenden in Griechenland einheimisch&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16575,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5286,760],"tags":[1683,5366],"class_list":["post-16591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antike-geschmaecker","category-istoria-de","tag-ellada-de","tag-historische-quellen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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