{"id":16496,"date":"2025-12-01T09:09:46","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T09:09:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/?p=16496"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:28:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T11:28:32","slug":"schwarzer-holunder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/de\/schwarzer-holunder\/","title":{"rendered":"Schwarzer Holunder"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die kleinen, dunkel gef\u00e4rbten Fr\u00fcchte des schwarzen Holunders werden heute f\u00fcr Konfit\u00fcren verwendet, w\u00e4hrend die Bl\u00fcten der Pflanze in verschiedenen L\u00e4ndern, vom Balkan bis in die skandinavischen L\u00e4nder, zur Herstellung eines aromatischen Sirups verwendet werden. Der griechische Name Koufoxylia (\u201ehohles Holz\u201c) bezieht sich auf den in verschiedenen Teilen Europas verbreiteten Volksglauben, wonach im Stamm des schwarzen Holunders Geister wohnen. Nach arch\u00e4obotanischen Funden in Griechenland ist er seit der Jungsteinzeit bekannt, obwohl verkohlte Samen meist sp\u00e4rlich und relativ selten zu finden sind. In Kleitos, einer neolithischen Siedlung in der Pr\u00e4fektur Kozani, wurden jedoch mehrere Samen der Pflanze in reiner Konzentration gefunden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16478 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-2048x1151.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_P1260410-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Abbildung&nbsp;1. Bl\u00fchender schwarzer Holunder im Gebirge in Zentralmakedonien, Mai 2022. Foto: S.&nbsp;M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Hinweise auf die Pflanze in antiken griechischen Texten sind relativ selten und fast ausschlie\u00dflich in den Texten antiker \u00c4rzte Griechenlands zu finden. Theophrastus (4.\u20133.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr.) liefert nur wenige Informationen zu botanischen Merkmalen. Das altgriechische Wort f\u00fcr schwarzen Holunder lautet <em>Akte<\/em> (auch <em>Aktea<\/em>), w\u00e4hrend in einem sp\u00e4teren anonymen medizinischen Text, der nur in Fragmenten erhalten ist, das Wort <em>Koufoxylaia<\/em> als Erkl\u00e4rung f\u00fcr das Wort <em>Akte<\/em> dient. Erw\u00e4hnungen in der antiken griechischen Literatur beziehen sich \u00fcblicherweise auf die medizinischen Eigenschaften verschiedener Pflanzenteile und auf therapeutische Rezepte f\u00fcr bestimmte Beschwerden. Im Corpus Hippocraticum (5.\u20134.&nbsp;Jahrhundert v.&nbsp;Chr.) finden sich mehrere Hinweise auf schwarzen Holunder als Zutat in Rezepten f\u00fcr verschiedene Krankheiten. So wird beispielsweise in <em>\u00dcber die Krankheiten<\/em> bei Kopfschmerzen mit Schleim und Fieber, die nicht abklingen, dem Patienten der Saft der Bl\u00e4tter des schwarzen Holunders empfohlen und als st\u00e4rker beschrieben als zwei andere zuvor genannte Mittel. In <em>\u00dcber die Ern\u00e4hrung<\/em> z\u00e4hlt der Saft des schwarzen Holunders (aus welchem Pflanzenteil dieser gewonnen wird, wird nicht angegeben) zu den Getr\u00e4nken mit abf\u00fchrender Wirkung und Bl\u00e4hungen. Dioskurides (1.&nbsp;Jahrhundert n.&nbsp;Chr.) unterscheidet in seinem Werk <em>Materia medica<\/em> zwischen schwarzem Holunder (<em>Akte<\/em>) und Zwergholunder (<em>Chamaiakte<\/em>) und beschreibt die beiden Pflanzen detailliert und listet die therapeutischen Eigenschaften und Anwendungen dieser beiden Arten auf, die er f\u00fcr \u00e4hnlich erachtet. Dioskurides beschreibt die Fr\u00fcchte als magensch\u00e4digend (<em>kakostomachoi<\/em>), die Bl\u00e4tter und jungen Triebe sollen gekocht Galle und Schleim reinigen, und die in Wein gekochte Wurzel wird unter anderem zur Behandlung von Vipernbissen verabreicht. Zu den zahlreichen therapeutischen Eigenschaften der Pflanze z\u00e4hlt nach Dioskurides, dass ein Bad in Wasser, in dem die Wurzel des schwarzen Holunders gekocht wurde, bei Erkrankungen der Geb\u00e4rmutter hilft und \u00e4hnliche Wirkungen durch den Verzehr der Fr\u00fcchte zusammen mit Wein erzielt werden. Schlie\u00dflich erw\u00e4hnt er Umschl\u00e4ge aus gemahlener Gerste und jungen Trieben der Pflanze zur Linderung von Verbrennungen und Hundebissen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Abbildung&nbsp;2. Konfit\u00fcre aus den Fr\u00fcchten des schwarzen Holunders, erworben in Thessaloniki, September 2025, Erzeugnis vom Pilio, Magnisia. Foto: S.&nbsp;M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16470 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_183552-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Der schwarze Holunder, eine einheimische Pflanze in der griechischen Flora, wird auch heute noch als Nahrungsmittel verwendet, allerdings ohne allgemeine Verbreitung. Man kann Konfit\u00fcren aus der Frucht des schwarzen Holunders mit ihrer intensiven, dunkelroten Farbe bei kleinen lokalen Erzeugern probieren, da das Sammeln der Fr\u00fcchte zeitaufw\u00e4ndig und die Produktion nur begrenzt ist. Konfit\u00fcren aus diesem kostbaren wilden Schatz, einer Pflanze, die seit pr\u00e4historischen Zeiten in Griechenland gesammelt wird, k\u00f6nnen heute bei landwirtschaftlichen Frauenkooperativen oder in kleinen L\u00e4den mit lokalen Produkten erworben werden, beispielsweise in Pilion und Kalambaka in Thessalien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16486 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/portal.greekfarms.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/488_20250914_185453-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Abbildung&nbsp;3. Konfit\u00fcre aus den Fr\u00fcchten des schwarzen Holunders, erworben in Thessaloniki, September 2025, Erzeugnis vom Pilio, Magnisia. Foto: S.&nbsp;M. Valamoti<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Soultana-Maria Valamoti, Professor, School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Die kleinen, dunkel gef\u00e4rbten Fr\u00fcchte des schwarzen Holunders&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_video_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5286,760],"tags":[1683,5366],"class_list":["post-16496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antike-geschmaecker","category-istoria-de","tag-ellada-de","tag-historische-quellen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Schwarzer Holunder - Umgekehrte Landwirtschaft<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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